Document ypLEmxrYNROOyyo8J3owo9Gyn

DAVID H. GARABRANT, P.L.L.C. 3063 GEDDES AVENUE ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48104 ------ 734-936-0753 DAVID H. GARABRANT, M.D., M.P.H. Mr. Joseph D. Lonardo Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease LLP 1909 K Street NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20006-1152 August 23, 2010 RE: Hord v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Dear Mr. Lonardo, I am a licensed physician specializing in occupational medicine. I am board certified in both occupational medicine and internal medicine. I am qualified as a specialist in the fields of occupational medicine and internal medicine and in the field of epidemiology, especially as it relates to the study of diseases related to exposures to chemical agents. I am Emeritus Professor of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and I also hold an appointment as Emeritus Associate Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine. I am engaged full-time in research in occupational epidemiology, the training and education of physicians and graduate students in occupational health, and in the clinical practice of occupational medicine. I received my undergraduate degree with high honors in chemical engineering from Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts in 1972. I received my M.D. degree from Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, in 1976. From 1976-77, I served as an intern in internal medicine at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C. and from 1977-78, I served as a fellow in medical ambulatory care at that same institution. From 1978-80, I served as a resident in occupational medicine at the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, and received the Master of Public Health degree in 1979 and the Master of Science in Physiology degree in 1980 from that institution. From 1980-81, I served as senior resident in internal medicine at University Hospital, Boston. Upon completion of my training in 1981, I joined the faculty of the University of Southern California School of Medicine, where I was engaged in research in occupational cancer epidemiology and in the practice of occupational medicine until 1988, when I joined the faculty of the University of Michigan. While I have been on the faculty of the University of Michigan, I have served as Director of Occupational Medicine (1988-94), head of the Occupational Health Program (1992-95), Director of the Center for Occupational Health and Safety Engineering (1990-95), Director of the Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology program (2001-2007), and Founding Director of the Risk Science Center (2003-present). My research has focused for the past 25 years on the long term health effects of chemicals on humans and I have published over 200 research articles, book chapters, and abstracts related to this area. A copy of my curriculum vitae is attached. I have served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Occupational Medicine and currently serve as a reviewer of scientific papers for a number of other journals, including Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Cancer Causes and Control, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, American Journal of Epidemiology, and Cancer Research. I was appointed to membership on the Safety and Occupational Health Study Section of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1992 and served on that Study Section until 1996, having been appointed by Secretary of HHS Donna Shalala as Chair for the 1995-96 year. In that position I served as a peer-reviewer of research proposals for the NIH. I am a Fellow of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (FACOEM) and a Fellow the American College of Preventive Medicine (FACPM). I am currently a member of a number of professional organizations, including the Society for Epidemiologic Research, the International Epidemiological Association, the Society for Risk Analysis, and the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. I received the Excellence in Research Award from the University of Michigan School of Public Health in 2006 and the Research Excellence Award from the Risk Science Center at the University of Michigan School of Public Health in 2007. Materials Reviewed I have reviewed the materials that your office forwarded to me including: Plaintiff's Pre-Trial Statement Reports by - Stephen E. Petty, P.E., C.I.H., dated 3/9/2009 - Peter F. Infante, D.D.S., Dr.P.H., F.A.C.E., dated 3/31/2010 - Dennis D. Weisenburger, M.D., dated 3/24/2010 - Richard K. Shadduck, M.D., dated 1/13/2010 - Pamela Williams, Sc.D., dated 8/17/2010 Medical Records from - Arthur B. Dalton, M.D. - Clinical Hematology & Oncology - Employment File - Pathology Report - Physicians Urology - Summa Health Akron City Hospital - Waleed F. Nemer, M.D. Depositions of - Dennis D. Weisenburger, M.D., dated 8/3/2010 - Richard Shadduck, M.D., dated 7/21/2010 In addition, I have reviewed the scientific literature that is relevant to the issues of causation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and, specifically, follicular large cell lymphoma. A list of the relevant scientific literature upon which my opinions are based, is attached. 2 Past Medical History Mr. Anthony T. Hord was born on 7/18/1931 in Akron, Ohio. He was a past smoker but quit approximately 30 years prior to his death. He also drank alcohol, allegedly quitting after he was medically advised to in July 2004. The various descriptions of Mr. Hord's alcohol intake in the medical records include daily intake of beer, four days a week of liquor and beer, three days a week of 6-8 shots of liquor and 6-8 beers, and daily intake of three glasses of vodka. Mr. Hord's medical history was significant for prostate cancer (1998) with prostatectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, increased liver function tests with nodular hepatomegaly, and hypertension. There was no reported history of lymphohematopoietic disease in Mr. Hord's family. Occupational History Mr. Hord started working at Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. in Akron, Ohio as a utility worker on 7/19/1951 and retired as a grounds crewman on 10/24/1992. According to Dr. Williams' report, Mr. Hord worked as a tire builder for less than 3 months in 1956, a position from which he was subsequently disqualified. He worked in the hose manufacturing department for approximately 20 years in 1958-1979. For the remainder of his employment, he worked in a variety of positions including utility worker, janitor, laborer, stockman, line inspector, truck and general service worker, reroll liner worker, rotocure worker, and grounds crew. He was not in the plant for approximately 6 years between 1951 and 1992 due to furloughs, layoffs, and injuries. The only positions in which Mr. Hord may have handled or used solvents or cements directly were a) Tire builder in Plant 1 (Dept 152A), 9/19/1956 to 12/9/1956 b) Hose building on the #1 machine or Spiraling Machine (Dept 273A), 9/5/1959 to 9/14/1959 and 8/8/1961 to 11/20/1961. c) Processing of irrigation hose (Dept 273D), 11/25/1978 to 5/18/1979 Rubber gloves were always furnished by Goodyear for handling and use of solvents and cements during these operations. Workers were instructed by Goodyear not to use solvents to clean their skin. According to Dr. Williams' report, applying the available benzene air monitoring data to the specific jobs held by Mr. Hord results in a cumulative inhalation exposure to benzene of 0.3 ppm-years. Insofar as there is no reliable evidence that Mr. Hord had appreciable skin contact with solvents it is unlikely that he had any appreciable dermal exposure to benzene. I am aware that Mr. Petty estimated Mr. Hord's cumulative benzene exposure at Goodyear to be 124.47 ppm-years with a likely range of 109-139 ppm-yrs. Of the 124.47 ppmyears, 99.58 ppm-years were calculated to be by dermal exposure and 24.89 ppm-years by inhalation. It is my understanding that there are substantial discrepancies between Mr. Petty's assumptions that underlie his calculations and the written records regarding Mr. Hord's employment, the use and constituents of various solvents used at Goodyear, and the testimony of Goodyear employees. Lymphohematopoietic Disease Course 3 Mr. Hord presented to medical attention in June 2004 after noticing darkened pigmentation on his chest and a left parotid lump. He was referred to Dr. Arthur B. Dalton for evaluation of the mass, which Mr. Hord claimed had been present for the past two to three weeks. He also stated that he had lost approximately 50 pounds because of a poor appetite. Dr. Dalton discovered a 3.0 x 3.5 cm "somewhat rubbery, firm soft tissue mass, left preauricular region" on examination. The mass was considered consistent with a parotid neoplasm. A fine needle aspiration was performed and a CT scan of the neck, abdomen and pelvis was ordered. The consultation note also stated that hepatosplenomegaly was evident with a palpable spleen tip and a liver edge, extending 10 to 12 cm below the costal margin. The fine needle aspiration biopsy was consistent with a reactive lymph node and the CT scan of the neck revealed a 3.3 x 2.7 x 2.2 cm prominent left parotid gland mass with surrounding lymphadenopathy. A prominent right peri-submandibular gland lymph node, 2.4 cm in size, was noted. CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis revealed extensive retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal lymphadenopathy, including a 4.4 cm left inguinal node. On 7/20/2004, Mr. Hord underwent a left inguinal lymph node biopsy which revealed an "enlarged lymph node extensively involved by high grade, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular large cell type (follicular center cell lymphoma, grade III)." Immunohistochemical studies were performed and CD20, CD10, BCL2, and BCL6 were strongly expressed. CD5 and CD45 RO were not expressed which, according to the pathology report, highlighted relatively numerous accompanying reactive T lymphocytes. These findings confirmed a B-cell follicular center cell immunophenotype. Mr. Hord was referred to oncology for staging and treatment. Their assessment was that he had follicular large cell (follicular center 3) B-cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, stage IV with diffuse adenopathy, borderline splenomegaly and a parotid mass. Between August and December 2004, Mr. Hord completed six cycles of RCHOP chemotherapy with a clinical and radiographic complete response. Mr. Hord was stable until October 2006, when he developed new ascites and severe lower extremity edema. His liver function tests had been chronically high and he had had nodular hepatomegaly, but a biopsy of the liver (taken 1/05) was read as normal. An abdominal CT scan, taken on 10/5/06, noted pleural-based plaques along the chest wall regions in the lower portion of each hemithorax; a massive amount of ascites throughout the abdomen and pelvis; a nodular liver shrunken in the region of the right lobe and the medial segment of the left lobe, compatible with cirrhosis; and several small lymph nodes in the para-aortic region. A CT scan of the pelvis revealed massive amounts of free fluid in the pelvis and extensive subcutaneous edema throughout the lower abdominal wall and gluteal regions. On 1/23/07, Mr. Hord presented to his primary physician complaining of increased abdominal distension and shortness of breath. The distension was believed to be because of massive ascites and Mr. Hord was transported to the emergency room for CAT scan and immediate paracentesis. He was admitted for management of multiple medical problems beginning with cirrhosis and portal hypertension with encephalopathy and ascites, in addition to worsening kidney function and exacerbation of congestive heart failure. Mr. Hord deteriorated quickly and passed away on 1/27/2007. His death certificate listed his cause of death as acute respiratory failure due to congestive heart failure due to cirrhosis due to renal failure. Non- 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma was listed as an other significant condition contributing to death but not resulting in the underlying cause. My Opinions 1. Mr. Anthony Hord was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular large cell type, in July 2004. 2. It is alleged that Mr. Hord was exposed to benzene and benzene-containing solvents while working at the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. facility in Akron, Ohio, in various capacities, including tire builder and hose fabricator. Based on his employment records, his potential solvent exposure was limited to four time periods: September-December 1956, September 1959, August-November 1961, and November 1978 May 1979. His cumulative exposure to benzene has been estimated by Dr. Williams at 0.3 ppm-years. 3. There have been dozens of epidemiologic studies that have looked for evidence that humans exposed to benzene, petroleum products, paints, glues, adhesives, and other products that contain petroleum distillation fractions are at increased risk of nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (Andjelkovic 1976, Australian Institute of Petroleum 2007, Balarajan 1983, Band 2004, Bernard 1984, Blair 1992, Blair 1993, Blair 1998, Bloemen 2004, Blot 1977, Brown 2002, Brownson 1988, Cano 2001, Cartwright 1988, Chen 1999, Cocco 2010, Collingwood 1996, Collins 2003, Colt 2007, Consonni 1999, Costantini 2001, Costantini 2003, Delzell 1992, Divine 1999, Divine 2000, Dryver 2004, FabbroPeray 2001, Franceschi 1989, Fritschi 1996, Fritschi 2005, Fu 1996, Garland 1988, Grin 1998, Girard 1970, Glass 2003, Gray 2001, Greene 1979, Greenland 1994, Hall 1991, Hardell 1981, Hardell 1994, Hayes 1997, Huebner 2004, Hunter 1993, Hunting 1995, Kaplan 1986, Kato 2005, Kauppinen 2003, Kirkeleit 2008, La Vecchia 1989, Lagorio 1994, Leon 1994, Lewis 2000, Lewis 2003, Linos 1991, Lynge 1995, Lynge 1997, Mallin 1986, Mao 2000, Massoudi 1997, McMichael 1974, Mester 2006, Miligi 2006, Miller 1989, Nilsson 1998, Olsson 1988, Orsi 2007, Ott 1989, Parodi 2003, Patel 2004, Persson 1999, Pukkala 1998, Raaschou-Nielsen 2001, Rafnsson 2001, Rego 2002, Richardson 2008, Rinsky 1988, Rinsky 2002, Sans 1995, Satin 1996, Satin 2002, Scherr 1992, Schnatter 1996, Schottenfeld 1981, Schumacher 1988, Schwartz 1987, Seidler 2007, Semenciw 1993, Siemiatycki 1987, Sorahan 2005, Sorahan 2007, Spirtas 1991, Steenland 1999, Tatham 1997, Terstegge 1995, Tsai 2003, Tsai 2007, Vianna 1979, Vineis 2007, Wang 2009, Waxweiler 1983, Wilcosky 1984, Wong 1987, Wong 1999, Wong 2000, Wong 2001, Wong 2010, Xu 2003, Zoloth 1986). Benzene, petroleum products, paints, glues, adhesives, and other products that contain petroleum distillation fractions are not known to cause NHL of any type or to cause follicular large cell lymphoma specifically. It is not generally accepted in the scientific community that benzene, petroleum products, paints, glues, adhesives, and other products that contain petroleum distillation fractions are causes of NHL or of follicular large cell lymphoma. 4. There are numerous review articles and meta analyses that have summarized the evidence regarding NHL and benzene exposure (Alexander 2010, Weed, 2010, Steinmaus 2008, Kane 2010, Smith 2007, Wong 2005). The most methodically rigorous of these studies (Alexander 2010, Weed, 2010, Kane 2010) did not find an association between NHL and benzene exposure when all the peer-reviewed studies were considered. 5 5. In contrast to the methodologically rigorous studies (Alexander 2010, Weed, 2010, Kane 2010), the Smith 2007 review is based on a biased selection of studies, and within those studies, a biased selection of the positive results. Moreover, Smith 2007 ignores results that are contrary to his opinions. This flawed methodology results in a biased conclusion that there is an association between benzene exposure and NHL. a. For example, Smith relies on the Kato, 2005 article which reports an association between NHL and exposure to paint thinner or turpentine. However, Smith first ignores that the Kato article also reported no association between paints/varnishes and NHL (Odds Ratio = 0.79, 95% CI 0.40-1.58) and then ignores peer reviewed literature that finds no association whatsoever between non-Hodgkin lymphoma and work as a painter or work exposed to paint thinner (Bethwaite 1990, Chiazze 1980, Lundberg 1998). b. Although Smith 2007 cites the Fabbro-Perray 2001 study as showing a positive association between benzene exposure and NHL in his table 1, he ignores that Fabbro-Perray also reported no association between paints and NHL (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.3). It is inexplicable how he could cite the positive association in Kato 2005 and ignore the negative association in Fabbro-Perray 2001 for the same exposure. This shows evidence of bias. c. Similarly, Smith cites the Hardell 1981 finding that high grade exposure to trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, styrene, and benzene combined is associated with a relative risk (RR) of 4.5 (95% CI 1.9-11.4) for NHL. Smith neglects to mention that in fact only one of the NHL cases had exposure to benzene. So, the Hardell study has little to do with benzene and it reports no findings about benzene by itself. This type of biased picking and choosing, as conducted in the Smith 2007 paper, is not a reliable scientific method. Smith's conclusion that 40 of 43 case control studies showed an elevation of NHL risk has no meaning because Smith simply chose positive studies and ignored negative studies. 6. There are six studies that have examined the association between follicular NHL and benzene exposure specifically. The results of these studies are presented below. Disease Follicular NHL Study Wong 2010 Wong 2010 Cocco 2010 Wang 2009 Source Table 9 (Benzene ever v never) Table 9 (Benzene highest exposure groups) Table 4 (High exposure to benzene) Table 4 (benzene) Cases Controls OR 95% CI 7 2 7.00 1.4533.70 1 1 2.00 0.1331.98 4 52 1.0 * 29 284 1.2 0.81.7 6 Disease Study Seidler 2007 Miligi 2006 Blair 1993 and Blair 1992 Source Table 4 (benzene > 130 ppm yrs) Table 4 (benzene) Table 6 (benzene, higher intensity) Cases 2 2 5 Controls 12 35 18 OR 1.3 * 1.9 95% CI 0.36.4 * 0.75.3 Only one of these studies shows a statistically significant association (Wong 2010), but shows no evidence of dose-response. In the Wong study, the measure of association in the highest exposure group was lower than in the less exposed groups, thus arguing against dose-response. The other five studies show either no association or weak, nonsignificant associations. The largest study of all (Wang 2009), which had more cases than all the other studies combined, showed only a weak association (Odds Ratio = 1.2) that was not statistically significant. 7. There are seven studies that have examined the association between follicular NHL and organic solvent exposure. The results of these studies are presented below. Disease Follicular NHL Study Cocco 2010 Wang 2009 Miligi 2006 Rego 2002 Tatham 1997 Hardell 1994 Blair 1993 and Blair 1992 Source Table 3 (All solvents) Table 4 (organic solvents) Table 4 (aromatic hydrocarbons) Table 2 (organic solvents) Table 3 (chemical solvents) Table 4 (organic solvents) Table 6 (other solvents, higher intensity) Cases Controls OR 111 1009 1.3 59 128 1.3 9 35 1.1 4 55 2.30 114 154 1.00 7 * 6.0 6 38 1.1 95% CI 1.01.7 0.82.0 0.52.5 0.549.26 0.791.40 0.941 0.42.7 The largest study of all (Tatham 1997), showed no association whatsoever (Odds Ratio = 1.0). The next largest study, by Cocco (2010), showed a weak association (Odds ratio = 1.3) between all solvents and risk of follicular NHL, that was barely statistically significant. The other five studies combined had less data than Tatham alone, and showed either no association or non-significant associations. There was no evidence of dose response in any of the studies, and in Blair, the highest exposure group had a lower 7 Odds Ratio than the less exposed group. In summary, there was neither a consistent association between follicular lymphoma and solvent exposure, nor dose response. 8. There is no exposure level to benzene, petroleum products, paints, glues, adhesives, and other products that contain petroleum distillation fractions that is known to place people at increased risk of NHL, or of follicular large cell lymphoma. 9. Insofar as benzene, petroleum products, paints, glues, adhesives, and other products that contain petroleum distillation fractions are not known to place people at increased risk of either NHL or follicular large cell lymphoma, there is no scientific basis for a conclusion that Mr. Hord's alleged exposure to benzene or benzene-containing solvents played any role whatsoever in the causation of his follicular large cell lymphoma. In summary, it is my opinion to a reasonable degree of medical certainty that the alleged exposures to benzene and benzene-containing solvents that Mr. Anthony Hord encountered while working at Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.'s Akron, OH facility did not cause, contribute to, or in any way lead to his follicular large cell lymphoma. David H. Garabrant, MD, MPH Emeritus Professor of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology The University of Michigan 8 References Relied Upon by David Garabrant, MD, MPH 1. Adegoke OJ, Blair A et al. Occupational history and exposure and the risk of adult leukemia in Shanghai. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13:485-494. 2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Benzene Update. U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. August 2007. 3. Akland GG. Exposure of the general population to gasoline. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(suppl. 6):27-32. 4. Aksoy M, Din Col K et al. Haematological effects of chronic benzene poisoning in 217 workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1971;28:296-302. 5. Aksoy M, Din Col K et al. Acute leukemia due to chronic exposure to benzene. Am J Med. 1972;52:160-166. 6. Aksoy M, Din Col K et al. Details of blood changes in 32 patients with pancytopenia associated with long- term exposure to benzene. Br J Ind Med. 1972;29:56-64. 7. Aksoy M, Erdem S et al. Acute leukaemia in two generations following chronic exposure to benzene. Human Heredity. 1974;24:70-74. 8. Aksoy M, Erdem S et al. Chronic exposure to benzene as a possible contributory etiologic factor in Hodgkin's disease. Blut. 1974;28(4):293-298. 9. Aksoy M, Erdem S, Din Col G. Leukemia in shoe-workers exposed chronically to benzene. Blood. 1974;44:6:837-841. 10. Aksoy M, Erdem S, Din Col G. Types of leukemia in chronic benzene poisoning. A study of thirty-four patients. Acta Haemat. 1976;55:65-72. 11. Aksoy M. Leukemia in workers due to occupational exposure to benzene. New Istanbul Contribution to Clinical Science. 1977;12:3:3-14. 12. Aksoy M and Erdem S. Followup study on the mortality and the development of leukemia in 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic exposure to benzene. Blood. 1978;52:2:285-292. 13. Aksoy M. Different types of malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene: a review of recent observations in Turkey. Environ Res 1980;23:181-190. 14. Aksoy M. Malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene. Haematologica. 1980;65(3):370-373. 15. Aksoy M. Benzene: Leukaemia and malignant lymphoma. In: Roath S, ed. Topical Reviews in Haematology. Bristol: John Wright & Sons Ltd., 1982: 105-39. 16. Aksoy M, Erdem S et al. Clinical observations showing the role of some factors in the etiology of multiple myeloma. A study in 7 patients. Acta Haematol. 1984;71(2):116-120. 17. Aksoy M. Benzene as a leukemogenic and carcinogenic agent. Amer J Indust Med. 1985;8:9-20. 18. Aksoy M. Malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene. Amer J Indust Med. 1985;7:395-402. 19. Aksoy M. Chronic lymphoid leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia due to chronic exposure to benzene: report of three cases. British Journal of Haematology. 1987;66:209-211. 20. Aksoy M, zeris S et al. Exposure to benzene in Turkey between 1983 and 1985: A haematological study on 231 workers. Br J Ind Med. 1987;44:785-787. 21. Aksoy M. Benzene Carcinogenicity. Baco Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1988. 22. Aksoy M. Hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity of benzene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1989;82:193- 197. 23. Aksoy M. Benzene and malignancies. In: Mehlman MA, Upton A, eds. The identification and control of environmental and occupational diseases: Hazards and risks of chemicals in the oil refining industry, advances in modern environmental toxicology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific, 1994: 277-85. 24. Albin M, Bjork J et al. Acute myeloid leukemia and clonal chromosome aberrations in relation to past exposure to organic solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2000;26:482-491. 25. Albin M, Bjork J, Welinder H et al. Cytogenetic and morphologic subgroups of myelodysplastic syndromes in relation to occupational and hobby exposures. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003;29(5):378-387. 26. Alexander DD, Mink PJ, Adami HO et al. The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Int J Cancer. 2007;120 Suppl 12:1-39. 27. Alexander DD, Wagner ME. Benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. JOEM 2010;52(2):169-189. 28. American Petroleum Institute. API Toxicological Review: Benzene. 1948. New York, NY, API. 29. American Petroleum Institute. API Toxicological Review: Benzene. 1960. New York, NY, API. 9 30. Andersen A, Barlow L, Engeland A, Kjaerheim K, Lynge E, Pukkala E. Work-related cancer in the Nordic countries. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999;25(Suppl 2):1-116. 31. Andjelkovich DA, Taulbee J, Symons M. Mortality experience of a cohort of rubber workers, 1964-1973. JOM. 1976;18:387-394. 32. Anttila A, Pukkala E, Riala R. Cancer incidence among Finnish workers exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998;71:187-193. 33. Arana A, Arellano F. Cancer incidence near oilfields in the Amazon basin of Ecuador revisited. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64(7):490. 34. Archimbaud E, Maupas J et al. Influence of cigarette smoking on the presentation and course of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer. 1989;63(9):2060-2065. 35. Armstrong TW, Pearlman ED et al. Retrospective benzene and total hydrocarbon exposure assessment for a petroleum marketing and distribution worker epidemiology study. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996;57:333-343. 36. Arnetz BB, Raymond LW et al. Mortality among petrochemical science and engineering employees. Arch Environ Health. 1991;46(4):237-248. 37. Aronson KJ, Howe GR, Carpenter M, Fair ME. Surveillance of potential associations between occupations and causes of death in Canada, 1965-91. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56:265-269. 38. Arp EW, Wolf PH, Checkoway H. Lymphocytic leukemia and exposures to benzene and other solvents in the rubber industry. JOM. 1983;25:8:598-602. 39. Atkinson S, Coppock J et al. Lympho-haematopoietic cancer and exposure to benzene in the Australian petroleum industry. Final, i-221. 2001. Monash University and Deakin University. 40. Aul C, Gattermann N, Schneider W. Age-related incidence and other epidemiological aspects of myelodysplastic syndromes. British Journal of Haematology. 1992;82:358-367. 41. Austin H, Cole P, McCraw DS. A case-control study of leukemia at an oil refinery. JOM. 1986;28:11:11691173. 42. Austin H and Cole P. Cigarette smoking and leukemia. Journal of Chronic Disease. 1986;39:417-421. 43. Austin H, Delzell E, Cole P. Benzene and leukemia. A review of the literature and a risk assessment. Amer J Epid. 1988;127:3:419-439. 44. Austin SG and Schnatter AR. A cohort mortality study of petrochemical workers. JOM. 1983;25:304-312. 45. Australian Institute of Petroleum. Bisby JA, Adams GG, Roberts M, Botham L, Baade A, Soriano R, Madden A, Jones K, Loughnan G. Health Watch. The Australian Institute of Petroleum Health Surveillance Program, 9th Report, 1992. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 46. Australian Institute of Petroleum. Gun R, Pilotto L, Ryan P, Griffith E, Pratt N, Ewing S, Dimitri H, Phillips S, McDermott B. Health Watch. The Australian Institute of Petroleum Health Surveillance Program, 11th Report, 2000. Adelaide University, South Australia. 47. Australian Institute of Petroleum. Gun RT, Ryan P, Roder D, Pratt N, Griffith E, McDermott B. Health Watch. The Australian Institute of Petroleum Health Surveillance Program, 12th Report, 2005. Adelaide University, South Australia. 48. Australian Institute of Petroleum. Sim M, Glass D, Cui J, Del Monaco A, Giuliano K, Friesen M, Wood E. Health Watch. The Australian Institute of Petroleum Health Surveillance Program, 13th Report, 2007. Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 49. Baarson KA, Snyder CA et al. The hematotoxic effects of inhaled benzene on peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen cells are increased by ingested ethanol. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1982;64:393-404. 50. Badman DG and Jaffe ER. Blood and air pollution: state of knowledge and research needs. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;114(2):205-208. 51. Bailer AJ and Hoel DG. Benzene risk assessments: review and update. Cell Biology and Toxicology. 1989;5(3):287-295. 52. Balarajan R. Malignant lymphomas in road transport workers. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1983;37(4):279-280. 53. Band PR, Le ND et al. Identification of occupational cancer risks in British Columbia: a population based case-control study of 769 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma analyzed by histopathology subtypes. JOEM. 2004;46(5):479-489. 54. Beall C, Corn M, Cheng H, Matthews R, Delzell E. Mortality and cancer incidence among tire manufacturing workers hired in or after 1962. J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49(6):680-690. 55. Beaumont M, Sanz M, Carli PM et al. Therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(11):2123-2137. 10 56. Beavers JD, Himmelstein JS et al. Exposure in a household using gasoline contaminated water. JOEM. 1996;38(1):35-38. 57. Bechtold WE, Lucier G et al. Muconic acid determinations in urine as a biological exposure index for workers occupationally exposed to benzene. AIHAJ. 1991;52(11):473-478. 58. Bechtold WE, Sun JD et al. S-phenylcysteine formation in hemoglobin as a biological exposure index to benzene. Arch Toxicol. 1992;66(5):303-309. 59. Bell GM, Cordingley N et al. Retrospective estimation of exposure to benzene in a leukaemia case-control study of petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Institute of Petroleum. 1995. 60. Belson M, Kingsley B, Holmes A. Risk factors for acute leukemia in children: a review. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2007;115(1):138-145. 61. Bender AP, Parker DL et al. Minnesota highway maintenance worker study: cancer mortality. Amer J Indust Med. 1989;15:545-556. 62. Bergsagel DE, Wong O et al. Benzene and multiple myeloma: appraisal of the scientific evidence. Blood. 1999;94(4):1174-1182. 63. Bergsagel DE and Wong O. Benzene and multiple myeloma: appraisal of the scientific evidence (response). Blood. 2000;95(9):2996-2997. 64. Bergsagel DE, Wong O et al. Benzene and multiple myeloma: scientific evidence (response). Blood. 2000;95(4):1513-1514. 65. Berlin K, Edling C et al. Cancer incidence and mortality of patients with suspected solvent-related disorders. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995;21(5):362-367. 66. Berlin M. Low level benzene exposure in Sweden: effect on blood elements and body burden of benzene. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1985;7:365-373. 67. Bernard J. The epidemiology of leukemias (past, present, future). Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1989;31(2):103-109. 68. Bernard SM, Cartwright RA et al. Aetiologic factors in lymphoid malignancies: a case-control epidemiological study. Leuk Res. 1984;8(4):681-689. 69. Bernardini P, Giannandrea F, Voso MT, Sica S. [Myeloproliferative disorders due to the use of gasoline as a solvent: report of three cases. Med Lav. 2005;96:119-125. [Article in Italian] 70. Bertazzi PA and Zocchetti C. A mortality study of newspaper printing workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1980;1:85-97. 71. Bertazzi PA, Pesatori AC et al. Mortality study of cancer risk among oil refinery workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1989;61:261-270. 72. Bethwaite PB, Pearce N, Fraser J. Cancer risks in painters: study based on the New Zealand Cancer Registry. Br J Ind Med 1990;47:742-6. 73. Bezabeh S, Morris CB, Lamm SH. Does benzene cause multiple myeloma? An analysis of the published case-control literature. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(6):1393-1398. 74. Bird MG, Greim H et al. International symposium: recent advances in benzene toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153-154 75. Bithell JF and Draper GJ. Apparent association between benzene and childhood leukaemia: methodological doubts concerning a report by Knox. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1995;49:437-439. 76. Bjork J, Albin M et al. Smoking and myelodysplastic syndromes. Epidemiology. 2000;11:285-291. 77. Black RJ, Sharp L et al. Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: incidence in children and young adults resident in the Dounreay area of Caithness, Scotland in 1968-91. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1994;48:232-236. 78. Blair A, Walrath J, Rogot E. Mortality patterns among U.S. veterans by occupation. I. Cancer. Journal of National Cancer Institute. 1985;75:1039-1047. 79. Blair A, Linos A et al. Comments on occupational and environmental factors in the origin of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res. 1992;52(Suppl 19):5501s-5502s. 80. Blair A, Linos A et al. Evaluation of risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by occupation and industry exposures from a case-control study. Amer J Indust Med. 1993;23:301-312. 81. Blair A, Zahm SH, Cantor KP, Ward MH. Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In: Determining the role of environmental exposures as risk factors for B-cell lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (Marti GE, Vogt RF Jr, Zenger VE, eds ) Atlanta, GA CDC; US DHHS(PHS) :149-160. 1997. 82. Blair A, Hartge P et al. Mortality and cancer incidence of aircraft maintenance workers exposed to trichloroethylene and other organic solvents and chemicals: extended follow up. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1998;55:161-171. 11 83. Blair A. Occupational exposures and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: where do we stand? Occup Environ Med. 2006;63:1-2. 84. Blank IH and McAuliffe DJ. Penetration of benzene through human skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1985;85:522-526. 85. Bloemen LJ, Youk A et al. Lymphohaematopoietic cancer risk among chemical workers exposed to benzene. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61(3):270-274. 86. Blot WJ, Brinton LA, Fraumeni Jr JF. Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with petroleum industries. Science. 1977;198:51-53. 87. Boffetta P, Stellman SD, Garfinkel L. Diesel exhaust exposure and mortality among males in the American cancer society prospective study. Amer J Indust Med. 1988;14:403-415. 88. Boffetta P, Stellman SD, Garfinkel L. A case-control study of multiple myeloma nested in the American Cancer Society prospective study. Int J Cancer. 1989;43(554):559. 89. Boffetta P and de Vocht F. Occupation and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(3):369-72. 90. Bogadi-Sare A, Brumen V et al. Genotoxic effects in workers exposed to benzene: with special reference to exposure biomarkers and confounding factors. Industrial Health. 1997;35:367-373. 91. Bogadi-Sare A, Turk R et al. Red blood cell glycerol lysis and hematologic effects in occupational benzene exposure. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 1999;13:485-494. 92. Bogadi-Sare A, Zavali M et al. Study of some immunological parameters in workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000;73:397-400. 93. Boice JD, Marano DE et al. Mortality among aircraft manufacturing workers. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1999;56:581-597. 94. Bois FY, Jackson ET et al. Population toxicokinetics of benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1405-1411. 95. Bond GG, Shellenberger RJ, Flores GH, Cook RR, Fishbeck WA. A case-control study of renal cancer mortality at a Texas chemical plant. Amer J Indust Med. 1985;7:123-139. 96. Bond GG, McLaren EA et al. An update of mortality among chemical workers exposed to benzene. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1986;43:685-691. 97. Bousser J and Tara S. A propos de trois cas de leucemie myeloide chronique provoques par le benzol. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles. 1951;12:399-404. 98. Brandt L, Nilsson PG, Mitelman F. Non-industrial exposure to benzene as leukaemogenic risk factor. Lancet. 1977;2(8047):1074. 99. Brandt L, Nilsson PG, Mitelman F. Occupational exposure to petroleum products in men with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. British Medical Journal. 1978;1(6112):553. 100. Brandt L. Environmental factors and leukemia. Med Oncol & Tumor Pharamacother. 1985;2:7-10. 101. Brandt L. Leukaemia and lymphoma risks derived from solvents. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1987;4(3-4):199-205. 102. Brandt L, Kristoffersson U et al. Relation between occupational exposure to organic solvents and chromosome aberrations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. European Journal of Haematology. 1989;42:298-302. 103. Brandt L. Exposure to organic solvents and risk of haematological malignancies. Leukemia Research. 1992;16(1):67-70. 104. Bratveit M, Kirkeleit J, Hollund BE, Moen BE. Biological monitoring of benzene exposure for process operators during ordinary activity in the upstream petroleum industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007;51(5):487-494. 105. Brenner D, Kalnas J, Teitelbaum DT. Skin absorption of benzene as a contaminant in other solvents. Eur J Oncol. 1998;3:399-405. 106. Brett SM, Rodricks JV, Chinchilli VM. Review and update of leukemia risk potentially associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 1989;82:267-281. 107. Brief RS, Lynch J et al. Benzene in the workplace. AIHAJ. 1980;41:616-623. 108. Brown LM, Gibson R et al. Smoking and risk of leukemia. Amer J Epid. 1992;135:763-768. 109. Brown LM, Moradi T et al. Exposures in the painting trades and paint manufacturing industry and risk of cancer among men and women in Sweden. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44:258-264. 110. Brownson RC and Reif JS. A cancer registry-based study of occupational risk for lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukemia. Int J Epidemiol. 1988;17:27-32. 111. Brownson RC, Novotny TE, Perry MC. Cigarette smoking and adult leukemia. A meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1993;153:469-475. 12 112. Brugnone F, Perbellini L et al. Benzene in environmental air and human blood. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1998;71:554-559. 113. Buckley J, Robison LL et al. Occupational exposures of parents of children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. Cancer Research. 1989;49:4030-4037. 114. Buckley JD, Buckley CM et al. Epidemiological characteristics of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Analysis by immunophenotype. Leukemia. 1994;8(5):856-864. 115. Budde R and Schaefer HE. Smokers' dysmyelopoiesis - bone marrow alterations associated with cigarette smoking. Path Res Pract. 1989;185:347-350. 116. Budinsky RA, DeMott RP et al. An evaluation of modeled benzene exposure and dose estimates published in the Chinese-National Cancer Institute collaborative epidemiology studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999;30(3):244-258. 117. Buffler PA, Kelsh M et al. Primary brain tumor mortality at a petroleum exploration and extraction research facility. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:257-270 118. Bukowski JA, Huebner WW et al. An analysis of the risk of B-lymphocyte malignancies in industrial cohorts. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 2003;66:581-597. 119. Bulbulyan MA, Ilychova SA et al. Cancer mortality among women in the Russian printing industry. Am J Ind Med. 1999;36(1):166-171. 120. Burdick DL and Leffler WL. Benzene. Petrochemicals in nontechnical language. Second ed. 1997: 21-33. 121. Burg J and Gist GL. Chronic low-level exposure to benzene. JOM. 1992;34(7):681-682. 122. Burmeister LF. Cancer mortality in Iowa farmers, 1971-78. JNCI. 1981;66(3):461-464. 123. California Air Resources Board. Report to the Scientific Review Panel on Benzene, Nov. 27, 1984. 124. Cano MI and Polln M. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and occupation in Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001;74:443-449. 125. Cantor KP, Sontag JM, Heid M. Patterns of mortality among plumbers and pipefitters. Amer J Indust Med. 1986;10:73-89. 126. Capurro PU. Cancer in a community subject to air pollution by solvent vapors. Clin Toxicol. 1979;14(3):285- 294. 127. Carli P-M and Maynadie M. Epidemiologie et etiologie des lymphomes non hodgkiniens. La Revue Du Praticien. 2002;52:945-950. 128. Cartwright RA, Bernard SM et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: case-control epidemiological study in Yorkshire. British Journal of Cancer. 1987;56:79-82. 129. Cartwright RA, McKinney PA et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case-control epidemiological study in Yorkshire. Leukemia Research. 1988;12(1):81-88. 130. Cartwright RA. Incidence and epidemiology of the myelodysplastic syndromes. In: Mufti GJ, Galton DAG, eds. The myelodysplastic syndromes. Churchill Livingstone, 1992: 23-31. 131. Checkoway H, Wilcosky T et al. An evaluation of the associations of leukemia and rubber industry solvent exposures. Amer J Indust Med. 1984;5:239-249. 132. Chen R, Dick F, Seaton A. Health effects of solvent exposure among dockyard painters: mortality and neuropsychological symptoms. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56(6):383-387. 133. Chen YH, Su WL, Liou SH. Benzene-induced myelodysplastic syndrome. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2001;14(1):71-74. 134. Chiazze L, Ference LD, Wolf PH. Mortality among automobile assembly workers. I. Spray painters. JOM. 1980;22(8):520-526. 135. Chinese Epidemiologic Study Group of Leukemia and Aplastic Anemia. Risk factor analysis of leukemia and aplastic anemia in China. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. 1992;14(3):185-189. 136. Christie D, Robinson K et al. A prospective study in the Australian petroleum industry. II. Incidence of cancer. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1991;48:511-514. 137. Ciccone G, Mirabelli D et al. Myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes: chemical exposure, histologic subtype and cytogenetics in a case-control study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1993;68:135-139. 138. Clavel J, Mandereau L et al. Occupational exposure to solvents and hairy cell leukaemia. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1998;55:59-64. 139. Clinton M. Toxicological review on benzene. API Toxicological Reviews , 1-6. 1948. N.Y., American Petroleum Institute. 140. Cocco P, t'Mannetje A, Fadda D, et al. Occupational exposure to solvents and risk of lymphoma subtypes: results from the Epilymph case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2010;67:341-347. 141. Cocheo V, Sacco P et al. Urban benzene and population exposure. Nature. 2001;404:141-142. 13 142. Cody RP, Strawderman WW, Kipen HM. Hematologic effects of benzene. Job-specific trends during the first year of employment among a cohort of benzene-exposed rubber workers. JOM. 1993;35(8):776-782. 143. Cole P, Sateren W, Delzell E. Epidemiologic perspectives on myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemia. Leukemia Research. 1995;19(6):361-365. 144. Collingwood KW, Milcarek BI, Raabe GK. A retrospective cohort mortality study of blending and packaging workers of Mobil Corporation. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1991;20:343-352. 145. Collingwood KW, Raabe GK, Wong O. An updated cohort mortality study of workers at a northwestern United States petroleum refinery. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68:277-288. 146. Collins JJ, Friedlander BR et al. A study of the hematologic effects of chronic low level exposure to benzene. JOM. 1991;33(5):619-626. 147. Collins JJ, Ireland BK et al. Evaluation of lymphopenia among workers with low-level benzene exposure and the utility of routine data collection. JOEM. 1997;39(3):232-237. 148. Collins JJ, Ireland B et al. Lymphohaematopoeitic cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60:676-679. 149. Colt JS, Hartge P et al. Hobbies with solvent exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18:385-90. 150. Consonni D, Pesatori AC et al. Mortality study in an Italian oil refinery: extension of the follow-up. Amer J Indust Med. 1999;35:287-294. 151. Cooper IA. Chemical carcinogenesis. Med J Aust. 1991;154(5):304-306. 152. Costa G, Merletti F, Segnan N. A mortality cohort study in a north Italian aircraft factory. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1989;46:738-743. 153. Costantini AS, Miligi L et al. A multicenter case-control study in Italy on hematolymphopoietic neoplasms and occupation. Epidemiology. 2001;12(1):78-87. 154. Costantini AS, Quinn M et al. Exposure to benzene and risk of leukemia among shoe factory workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003;29(1):51-59. 155. Costantini AS, Benvenuti A, Vineis P, et al. Risk of leukemia and multiple myeloma associated with exposure to benzene and other organic solvents: evidence from the Italian Multicenter Case-Control Study. Am J Ind Med 2008;51:803-11. 156. Costantini MG. Health effects of oxygenated fuels. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101:151-160. 157. Cowles SR, Bennett JM, Ross CE. Medical surveillance for leukemia at a petrochemical manufacturing complex: four year summary. JOM. 1991;33:808-812. 158. Cowles SR, Tsai SP et al. Mortality among employees at a plastics and resins research and development facility. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1994;51:799-803. 159. Cox LAJ. Reassessing benzene risks using internal doses and Monte-Carlo uncertainty analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(6):1413-1429. 160. Crane MM and Morris DL. Re: Cytogenetic and environmental factors in the etiology of the acute leukemias in adults. Amer J Epid. 1988;128:1174-1175. 161. Crane MM, Keating MJ et al. Environmental exposures in cytogenetically defined subsets of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. JAMA. 1989;262:634-639. 162. Crane MM and Keating MJ. Exposure histories in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients with a prior preleukemia condition. Cancer. 1991;67:2211-2214. 163. Crane MM, Godwin JE et al. Is histological subtype a marker for environmental exposures in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1992;1:183-188. 164. Crebelli R, Tomei F et al. Exposure to benzene in urban workers: environmental and biological monitoring of traffic police in Rome. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(165):171. 165. Cronkite EP, Drew RT et al. Benzene hematotoxicity and leukemogenesis. Am J Ind Med. 1985;7:447-456. 166. Cronkite EP, Drew RT, Inoue T, Hirabayashi Y, Bullis JE. Hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity of inhaled benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 1989;82:97-108. 167. Crosignani P, Tittarelli A, Borgini A, et al. Childhood leukemia and road traffic: a population-based casecontrol study. Int J Cancer 2004;108:596-599. 168. Crump KS and Allen BC. (1984) Quantitative estimates of risk of leukemia from occupational exposure to benzene. Prepared for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration by Science Research Systems, Inc., Ruston, LA. 169. Crump KS, Allen BC et al. Time-related factors in quantitative risk assessment. Journal of Chronic Disease. 1987;40(Suppl 2):101s-111s. 14 170. Crump KS. Risk of benzene-induced leukemia: a sensitivity analysis of the Pliofilm cohort with additional follow-up and new exposure estimates. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994;42:219-242. 171. Crump KS. Risk of benzene-induced leukemia predicted from the Pliofilm cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(6):1437-1441. 172. Cullen MR, Sparer J, Waldron JA, Rado T. Bone marrow injury in lithographers exposed to glycol ethers and organic solvents used in multicolor offset and ultraviolet curing printing processes. Archives of Environmental Health. 1983;38:6:347-354. 173. Cuneo A, Fagioli F et al. Morphologic, immunologic and cytogenetic studies in acute myeloid leukemia following occupational exposure to pesticides and organic solvents. Leukemia Research. 1992;16(8):789-796. 174. Cutler JJ, Parker GS et al. Childhood leukemia in Woburn, Massachusetts. Public Health Reports. 1986;101(2):201-205. 175. Cuzick J and De Stavola B. Multiple myeloma - a case-control study. British Journal of Cancer. 1988;57(516):520. 176. Dagg TG et al. Cause-specific mortality among employees at the Chevron Richmond and El Segundo refineries, an updated analysis 1950-1986. 04328-04403. 1989. San Francisco, CA, CHEVRON. 177. Dagg TG, Satin KP et al. An updated cause specific mortality study of petroleum refinery workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1992;49:203-212. Ref ID: 2941 178. Das M, Bhargava SK, Kumar A, et al. An investigation of environmental impact on health of workers at retail petrol pumps. Ann Occ Hyg. 1991;35:347-352. 179. Davico L, Sacerdote C et al. Chromosome 8, occupational exposures, smoking, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemias: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 1998;7:1123-1125. 180. De Planque MM, Kluin-Nelemans HC et al. Evolution of acquired severe aplastic anaemia to myelodysplasia and subsequent leukaemia in adults. British Journal of Haematology. 1988;70:55-62. 181. De Roos AJ, Davis S, Colt JS, et al. Residential proximity to industrial facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Environ Res 2009 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print] 182. Decoufle P, Blattner WA, Blair A. Mortality among chemical workers exposed to benzene and other agents. Environmental Research. 1983;30:16-25. 183. Deichmann WB, MacDonald WE, Bernal E. The hemopoietic tissue toxicity of benzene vapors. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1963;5:201-224. 184. Deiss A. Non-neoplastic diseases, chemical agents, and hematologic disorders that may precede hematologic neoplasms. In: Lee GR, Bithell TC et al., eds. Wintrobe's clinincal hematology. Ninth ed. Lea & Febiger, 1993: 1946-68. 185. Delzell E and Monson RR. Mortality among rubber workers: V. Processing workers. Journal of Occupational Medicine. 1982;42:539-545. 186. Delzell E, Austin H, Cole P. Epidemiologic studies of the petroleum industry. Occupational Medicine: State of the art reviews. 1988;3:455-474. 187. Delzell, E., Sathiakumar, N., Cole, P., and Brill, I. A case-control study of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma among employees of Union Oil Company of California. 1992. California, Union Oil Company of California. 188. Delzell E, Sathiakumar N et al. A follow-up study of synthetic rubber workers. Toxicology. 1996;113:182189. 189. Dement JM, Hensley L et al. Proportionate mortality among union members employed at three Texas refineries. Amer J Indust Med. 1998;33:327-340. 190. Demers P, Vaughan TL et al. A case-control study of multiple myeloma and occupation. Amer J Indust Med. 1993;23:629-639. 191. DeRenzo A et al. Acute promyelocytic leukemia after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with drugs targeting topoisomerase II. Am J Hematol 1999;60:300-304. 192. De Roos AJ, Davis S, Colt JS, et al. Residential proximity to industrial facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Environ Res 2009 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print] 193. Descatha A, Jenabian A et al. Occupational exposures and haematological malignancies: overview on human recent data. Cancer Causes and Control. 2005;16:939-953. 194. Deschamps F. Levels of benzene in unleaded petrol. Occup Med. 1994;44(165):166. 195. Deschler B and Lubbert M. Acute myeloid leukemia: epidemiology and etiology. Cancer. 2006;107:2099- 2107. 15 196. Divine BJ, Barron V, Kaplan SD. Texaco mortality study I. Mortality among refinery, petrochemical, and research workers. JOM. 1985;27:6:445-447. 197. Divine BJ and Barron V. Texaco Mortality Study: II. Patterns of mortality among white males by specific job groups. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1986;10:371-381. 198. Divine BJ and Barron V. Texaco mortality study: III. A cohort study of producing and pipeline workers. Amer J Indust Med. 1987;11:189-202. 199. Divine BJ, Hartman CM, Wendt JK. Update of the Texaco mortality study 1947-93: Part I. Analyses of overall patterns of mortality among refining, research, and petrochemical workers. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56(3):167-173. 200. Divine BJ, Hartman CM, Wendt JK. Update of the Texaco mortality study 1947-93: Part II. Analyses of specific causes of death for white men employed in refining, research, and petrochemicals [see comments]. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56(3):174-180. 201. Divine BJ, Hartman CM. Update of a study of crude oil production workers 1946-94. Occup Environ Med. 2000;57(6):411-417. 202. Doll R. The epidemiology of childhood leukaemia. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 1989;152:341351. 203. Dosemeci M, Li G-L et al. Cohort study among workers exposed to benzene in China: II. exposure assessment. Amer J Indust Med. 1994;26:401-411. 204. Dosemeci M, Yin S et al. Indirect validation of benzene exposure assessment by association with benzene poisoning. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104 Suppl 6:1343-7:1343-1347. 205. Dosemeci M, Rothman N et al. Validation of benzene exposure assessment. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997;837:114-21:114-121. 206. Douer D. The epidemiology of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2003;16(3):357-367. 207. Dryver E, Brandt L, Kauppinen T, Olsson H. Occupational exposures and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in southern Sweden. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2004;10(1):13-21. 208. Du J, Fryzek J, Sekeres MA, Taioli E. Smoking and alcohol intake as risk factors for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Leukemia Research 2009 doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.006:xxx. 209. Duarte-Davidson R, Courage C et al. Benzene in the environment: an assessment of the potential risks to the health of the population. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(2):13. 210. Dubrow R, Wegman DH. Cancer and occupation in Massachusetts: a death certificate study. Amer J Indust Med. 1984;6:207-230. 211. Durant JL, Chen J et al. Elevated incidence of childhood leukemia in Woburn, Massachusetts: NIEHS Superfund basic research program searches for causes. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1995;103 (Suppl 6):93-98. 212. Egeghy PP, Tornero-Velez R, Rappaport SM. Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene during self-service automobile refueling. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000;108(12):1195-1202. 213. Egeghy PP, Nylander-French L et al. Self-collected breath sampling for monitoring low-level benzene exposures among automobile mechanics. Ann Occup Hyg. 2002;46:489-500. 214. Enterline PE. Lymphomas and benzene. Lancet. 1979;2(8150):1021. 215. Enterline PE. Review of new evidence regarding the relationship of gasoline exposure to kidney cancer and leukemia. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101, suppl 6:101-103. 216. Erf LA and Rhoads CP. The hematological effects of benzene (benzol) poisoning. Journal of Industrial Hygiene. 1939;21:421-435. 217. Eriksson M and Karlsson M. Occupational and other environmental factors and multiple myeloma: a population based case-control study. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1992;49:95-103. 218. Fabbro-Peray P, Daures JP, Rossi JF. Environmental risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population- based case-control study in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12(3):201-212. 219. Fagioli F, Cuneo A et al. Distinct cytogenetic and clinicopathologic features in acute myeloid leukemia after occupational exposure to pesticides and organic solvents. Cancer. 1992;70(1):77-85. 220. Farrow A, Jacobs A, West RR. Myelodyplasia, chemical exposure, and other environmental factors. Leukemia. 1989;9:33-35. 221. Fedoruk MJ, Bronstein R, Kerger BD. Benzene exposure assessment for use of a mineral spirits-based degreaser. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2003;18:764-771. 222. Feychting M, Svensson D, Ahlbom A. Exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and childhood cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998;24:8-11. 16 223. Figgs L, Dosemeci M, Blair A. Risk of multiple myeloma by occupation and industry among men and women: a 24 state death certificate study. JOM. 1994;36:1210-1221. 224. Figgs LW, Dosemeci M, Blair A. United States non-Hodgkin's lymphoma surveillance by occupation 19841989: a twenty-four state death certificate study. Amer J Indust Med. 1995;27:817-835. 225. Finkelstein MM. Leukemia after exposure to benzene: Temporal trends and implications for standards. Am J Ind Med. 2000;38(1):1-7. 226. Finkelstein MM. Update of the Texaco mortality study 1947-93: Part II [letter; comment]. Occup Environ Med. 2000;57(2):143-144. 227. Finkelstein MM, Verma DK. A cohort study of mortality among Ontario pipe trades workers. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61:736-742. 228. Fisbeck WA, Townsend JC, Swank G. Effects of chronic occupational exposure to measured concentrations of Benzene. JOM. 1978;20(8):539-542. 229. Fischmann AB, Bunn PA, Jr., Guccion JG, Matthews MJ, Minna JD. Exposure to chemicals, physical agents, and biologic agents in mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979;63(4):591-596. 230. Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J, Singhal K. Simulation and prediction of uptake, distribution, and exhalation of organic solvents. Br J Ind Med. 1974;31:45-52. 231. Fishbein L. Benzene: uses, occurrence and exposure. IARC Scientific Publications. Washington, DC: 1988: 67-96. 232. Fleming AF. Benzene in petrol: a continuing hazard. Lancet. 1990;October 27:1076-1077. 233. Flodin U, Andersson L et al. A case-referent study on acute myeloid leukemia, background radiation and exposure to solvents and other agents. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1981;7:169-178. 234. Flodin U, Fredriksson M et al. Background radiation, electrical work, and some other exposures associated with acute myeloid leukemia in a case-referent study. Archives of Environmental Health. 1986;41:77-84. 235. Flodin U, Fredriksson M, Persson B. Multiple myeloma and engine exhaust, fresh wood, and creosote: a case- referent study. Amer J Indust Med. 1987;12:519-529. 236. Flodin U, Fredriksson M, Persson B, Axelson O. Acute myeloid leukemia and background radiation in an expanded case-referent study. Arch Environ Health. 1990;45(6):364-366. 237. Flood TJ, Meaney FJ et al. Case-referent study of childhood leukemia in Maricopa County, Arizona 1965- 1990. 10-12-1997. Arizona Dept of Health Services - Bureau of Epidemiology and Disease Control Services. 238. Foliart DE and Trent LS. Results of the cohort mortality study of the new Martinsville facility. 9412-D19, 11-6-1. 3-15-1997. 239. Fonte R, Grigis L et al. Chemicals and Hodgkin's disease. Lancet. 1982;50. 240. Foo SC. Benzene pollution from gasoline usage. Sci Total Environ. 1991;103:19-26. 241. Forastiere F, Perucci CA et al. Mortality among urban policemen in Rome. Am J Ind Med. 1994;26(6):785798. 242. Forni A and Vigliani EC. Chemical leukemogenesis in man. Ser Haemat. 1974;7(2):211-223. 243. Franceschi S, Serraino D et al. The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the north-east of Italy: a hospital-based case-control study. Leukemia Research. 1989;13(6):465-472. 244. Fraumeni Jr JF. Clinical epidemiology of leukemia. Seminars in Hematology. 1969;6(3):250-260. 245. Freedman DM, Stewart P, Kleinerman RA, et al. Household solvent exposures and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Public Health 2001;91:564-567. 246. Freedman DS, Tolbert PE et al. Relation of cigarette smoking to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among middleaged men. Amer J Epid. 1998;148(9):833-841. 247. Friedman GD. Multiple myeloma: relation to propoxyphene and other drugs, radiation and occupation. Int J Epidemiol. 1986;15(3):424-426. 248. Friedman GD. Cigarette smoking, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Annals of Epidemiology. 1993;3(4):425428. 249. Fritschi L and Siemiatycki J. Lymphoma, myeloma and occupation: results of a case-control study. Int J Cancer. 1996;67(4):498-503. 250. Fritschi L, Benke G et al. Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with occupational exposure to solvents, metals, organic dusts and PCBs (Australia). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16(5):599-607. 251. Fu H, Demers PA et al. Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: an analysis of two cohorts. Occup Environ Med. 1996;53(6):394-398. 252. Gallagher RP, Spinelli JJ, Elwood JM, Skippen DH. Allergies and agricultural exposure as risk factors for multiple myeloma. British Journal of Cancer. 1983;853-857. 17 253. Gallagher RP, McBride ML et al. Occupational electromagnetic field exposure, solvent exposure, and leukemia. JOM. 1990;32(1):64-65. 254. Gamble JF, Lewis RJ, Jorgensen G. Mortality among three refinery/petrochemical plant cohorts. II. Retirees. JOEM. 2000;42(7):730-736. 255. Garland FC, Gorham ED et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in U.S. Navy personnel. Archives of Environmental Health. 1988;43:425-429. 256. Grin M, Siemiatycki J et al. Associations between several sites of cancer and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene: results of a case-control study in Montreal. Am J Ind Med. 1998;34(2):144-156. 257. Giles GG, Lickiss JN, Baikie MJ, et al. Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders in Tasmania, 1972-80: occupational and familial aspects. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984;72:1233-1240. 258. Girard R, Mallein, Fourel R, Tolot F. Lymphose et intoxication benzolique professionnelle chronique. Archives des maladies professionnelles, de medecine du travail et de securite sociale. 1966;27(OctoberNovember):781-786. 259. Girard R, Rigaut P, Bertholon J, Tolot F, Bourret J. Les expositions benzeniques meconnues. Leur recherche systematique au cours des hemopathies graves. Archives des maladies professionnelles, de medecine du travail et de securite sociale. 1968;29(December):723-726. 260. Girard R and Revol L. La frequence d'une exposition benzenique au cours des hemopathies graves. Nouvelle Revue Francaise d'Hematologie. 1970;10:477-482. 261. Glass DC, Adams GG et al. Retrospective exposure assessment for benzene in the Australian Petroleum Industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2000;44:301-320. 262. Glass DC and Gray CN. Estimating mean exposures from censored data: exposure to benzene in the Australian petroleum industry. Ann Occup Hyg. 2001;45(4):275-282. 263. Glass DC, Gray CN et al. Validation of exposure estimation for benzene in the Australian petroleum industry. Toxicol Ind Health. 2001;17:113-127. 264. Glass DC, Gray CN et al. Leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure. Epidemiology. 2003;14(5):569-577. 265. Glass DC, Sim MR et al. Leukemia risk and relevant benzene exposure period-Re: follow-up time on risk estimates, Am J Ind Med 42:481-489, 2002-Am J Ind Med. 2004;45(2):222-223. 266. Glass DC, Gray CN et al. Health Watch exposure estimates: do they underestimate benzene exposure? Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153-154:23-32. 267. Glass DC, Gray CN et al. The Health Watch case-control study of leukemia and benzene. The story so far. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1076:80-89. 268. Goguel A, Cavigneaux A, Bernard J. Benzene leukemia in the Paris area between 1950 and 1965 (Study of 50 cases). Nouvelle Revue Francaise d'Hematologie. 1967;7:465-480. 269. Goldberg H, Lusk E et al. Survey of exposure to genotoxic agents in primary myelodysplastic syndrome: correlation with chromosome patterns and data on patients without hematological disease. Cancer Research. 1990;50:6876-6881. 270. Golden AL, Markowitz SB, Landrigan PJ. The risk of cancer in firefighters. Occupational Medicine: State of the art reviews. 1995;10(4):803-820. 271. Goldman M. Cancer risk of low-level exposure. Science. 1996;271:1821-1822. 272. Goldstein BD. Benzene toxicity: a critical evaluation: hematotoxicity in humans. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Supplement. 1977;2:69-105. 273. Goldstein BD. Benzene toxicity. Occupational Medicine. State of the Art Reviews. 1988;3:541-554. 274. Goldstein BD. Clinical hematotoxicity of benzene. Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology 1989;16:55-65. 275. Goldstein BD. Is exposure to benzene a cause of human multiple myeloma. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1997;225-230. 276. Goldstein BD and Shalat S. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to benzene in petroleum workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42(12):1133-1136. 277. Goldstein BD and Shalat SL. The causal relation between benzene exposure and multiple myeloma. Blood. 2000;95(4):1512-1514. 278. Goldstein BS. Benzene exposure and leukemia [letter]. Epidemiology. 2004;15(4):509-510. 279. Golomb HM, Alimena G et al. Correlation of occupation and karyotype in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1982;60(2):404-411. 280. Gottlieb MS, Pickle LW, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr. Lung cancer in Louisiana: death certificate analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1979;63(5):1131-7. 18 281. Gottlieb MS. Lung cancer and the petroleum industry in Louisiana. J Occup Med 1980;22(6):384-388. 282. Graff JJ, Sathiakumar N et al. Chemical exposures in the synthetic rubber industry and lymphohematopoietic cancer mortality. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47(9):916-932. 283. Graham JD and Monson RR. Benzene and leukemia: time for a reassessment? 1995. Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health. 284. Grasso P. Cancer hazard from exposure to solvents. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1986;220:187-202.:187-202. 285. Gray C, Atkinson S, Coppock J, Fritschi L, Glass D, Gibbons C, Lkin J, Jolley D, O'Keef J, Sim M. Lympho- haematopoietic cancer and exposure to benzene in the Australian petroleum industry. Final, i-221. 2001. Monash University and Deakin University. 286. Greenberg M. A proportional mortality study of a group of newspaper workers. Br J Ind Med. 1972;29(1):1520. 287. Greenberg P, Cox C et al. International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 1997;89(6):2079-2088. 288. Greenberg PL. Myelodysplastic syndrome. 1997: 1098-121. 289. Greenberg RS and Mandel JS. A meta-analysis of cohort studies describing mortality and cancer incidence among chemical workers in the United States and Western Europe. Epidemiology. 2001;12:727-740. 290. Greenburg L, Mayers MR et al. Benzene (benzol) poisoning in the rotogravure printing industry in New York City. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 1939;21(8):395-420. 291. Greene MH, Hoover RN et al. Cancer mortality among printing plant workers. Environmental Research. 1979;20:66-73. 292. Greene MH, Harris EL et al. Melphalan may be a more potent leukemogen than cyclophosphamide. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1986;105(3):360-367. 293. Greenland S, Salvan A et al. A case-control study of cancer mortality at a transformer- assembly facility. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1994;66:49-54. 294. Groupe Francais de Cytogenetique Hematologique. Chromosome analysis of 63 cases of secondary nonlymphoid blood disorders: A cooperative study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1984;12:95-104. 295. Grulich AE, Vajdic CM, Cozen W. Altered immunity as a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(3):405-408. 296. Guberan E et al. Disability, mortality, and incidence of cancer among Geneva painters and electricians: a historical prospective study. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 1989;46:16-23. 297. Gunel P, Imbernon E et al. Leukemia in relation to occupational exposures to benzene and other agents: a case-control study nested in a cohort of gas and electric utility workers. Am J Ind Med. 2002;42:87-97. 298. Guldberg PH. Gasoline and vapor exposures in service station and leaking underground storage tank scenarios. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1992;2(1):97-107. 299. Gun RT, Pratt NL et al. Update of a prospective study of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2004;61:150-156. 300. Gun RT, Pratt N et al. Update of mortality and cancer incidence in the Australian petroleum industry cohort. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63:476-481. 301. Guo J, Kauppinen T et al. Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney, and bladder cancers and leukemia among Finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust. Int J Cancer. 2004;111:286-292. 302. Haferlach T et al. Cell lineage specific involvement in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) using a combination of May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of the translocation t(15;17)(q22;q12). Br.J Haematol. 1998;103:93-9. 303. Halder CA, Van Gorp GS et al. Gasoline vapor exposures. Part I. Characterization of workplace exposures. AIHAJ. 1986;47(3):164-172. 304. Hall NEL and Rosenman KD. Cancer by industry: analysis of a population-based cancer registry with an emphasis on blue-collar workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1991;19:145-159. 305. Hamblin T. Epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndrome. In: Nomura T, Yoshida Y, eds. Myelodysplastic syndromes advances in research and treatment. Elsevier, 1995: 57-60. 306. Hancock DG, Moffitt AE, Jr., Hay EB. Hematological findings among workers exposed to benzene at a coke oven by-product recovery facility. Archives of Environmental Health. 1984;39(6):414-418. 307. Hanis NM, Stavraky KM, Fowler JL. Cancer mortality in oil refinery workers. JOM. 1979;21:167-174. 308. Hanis NM, Holmes TM et al. Epidemiologic study of refinery and chemical plant workers. JOM. 1982;24:3:203-212. 309. Hanis NM, Shallenberger LG et al. A retrospective mortality study of workers in three major US refineries and chemical plants. Part I: Comparisons with U.S. population. JOM. 1985;27:4:283-292. 19 310. Hanis NM, Shallenberger LG et al. A retrospective mortality study of workers in three major US refineries and chemical plants. Part II: Internal comparisons by geographic site, occupation, and smoking history. JOM. 1985;27:361-369. 311. Hanke J, Dutkiewicz T, Piotrowski J. The absorption of benzene throughout the skin in men. Medycyna Pracy. 1960;29(5):413-426. 312. Hansen ES. A mortality study of Danish stokers. Br J Ind Med. 1992;49(1):48-52. 313. Hardell L, Eriksson M et al. Malignant lymphoma and exposure to chemicals, especially organic solvents, chlorophenols and phenoxy acids: A case-control study. British Journal of Cancer. 1981;43:169-176. 314. Hardell L and Bengtssonsson NO. Epidemiological study of socioeconomic factors and clinical findings in Hodgkin's disease, and reanalysis of previous data regarding chemical exposure. British Journal of Cancer. 1983;48:217-225. 315. Hardell L, Eriksson M, Degerman A. Exposure to phenoxyacetic acids, chlorophenols, or organic solvents in relation to histopathology, stage, and anatomical localization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Research. 1994;54:2386-2389. 316. Hardell L, Lindstrom G et al. Some aspects of the etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1998;106(2):679-681. 317. Harrington JM, Shannon HS. Mortality study of pathologists and medical laboratory technicians. Br Med J. 1975;4(5992):329-332. 318. Harrington JM. Health experience of workers in the petroleum manufacturing and distribution industry: a review of the literature. Amer J Indust Med. 1987;12:475-497. 319. Harris N, Jaffe E et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 1994;84:1361-1392. 320. Harrison RM, Leung PL, Somervaille L, et al. Analysis of incidence of childhood cancer in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom in relation to proximity to main roads and petrol stations. Occup Environ Med 1999;56:774-780. 321. Hartge P, Smith MT. Environmental and behavioral factors and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(3):367-368. 322. Hartle R. Exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether and benzene among service station attendants and operators. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl 6):23-26. 323. Hattemer-Frey HA, Travis CC, Land ML. Benzene: environmental partitioning and human exposure. Environmental Research. 1990;53:221-232. 324. Hayes RB. Biomarkers in occupational cancer epidemiology: considerations in study design. Environ Health Perspect. 1992;96:149-154. 325. Hayes RB, Li G-L et al. An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1339-1341. 326. Hayes RB, Yin S et al. Mortality among benzene-exposed workers in China. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1349-1352. 327. Hayes RB, Yin S et al. Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China. JNCI. 1997;89(14):1065-1071. 328. Hayes RB, Yin S et al. Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in China. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2000;61(5-6):419-432. 329. Hayes RB, Songnian Y et al. Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in humans. Amer J Indust Med. 2001;40(2):117-126. 330. Hearey CD, Ury H, Siegelaub A, et al. Lack of association between cancer incidence and residence near petrochemical industry in the San Francisco Bay area. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;64(6):1295-9. 331. Heineman EF, Olsen JH, Pottern LM, Gomez M, Raffn E, Blair A. Occupational risk factors for multiple myeloma among Danish men. Cancer Causes and Control. 1992;3:555-568. 332. Henderson RF, Sabourin PJ, Medinsky MA, Birnbaum LS, Lucier GL. Benzene dosimetry in experimental animals: relevance for risk assessment. Relevance of animal studies to the evaluation of human cancer risk. Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1992: 93-105. 333. Henderson RF. Species differences in the metabolism of benzene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(6):1173-1175. 334. Hernberg S, Savilahti M, Ahlman K. Prognostic aspects of benzene poisoning. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1966;23:204-209. 335. Herrinton LJ. Epidemiology of the revised European-American lymphoma classification subtypes. Epidemiol Rev 1998;20:187-204. 20 336. Holmberg B and Lundberg P. Benzene: standards, occurrence, and exposure. Amer J Indust Med. 1985;7:375383. 337. Honda Y, Delzell E, Cole P. An updated study of mortality among workers at a petroleum manufacturing plant. JOEM. 1995;37:194-200. 338. Hornstra, M. Reanalysis of the phase I cohort mortality study of oil refinery workers (1970-1980): follow-up extended through 1986. I-70. 1990. Chicago, IL, Amoco Corporation. 339. Hornstra, M. The phase II cohort mortality study of oil refinery employees (1940-1980): follow-up through 1986. I-64. 1991. Chicago, IL, Amoco Corporation. 340. Hornstra, M. and Dirk Van Peenen, P. F. Update of a cohort mortality study of oil refinery workers. i-24. 1991. Chicago, IL, Amoco Corporation. 341. Horwitz M, Benson KF et al. Genetic heterogeneity in familial acute myelogenous leukemia: evidence for a second locus at Chromosome 16q21-23.2. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1997;61:873-881. 342. Hotz P, Carbonnelle P et al. Biological monitoring of vehicle mechanics and other workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70:29-40. 343. Hotz P and Lauwerys RR. Hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies in vehicle mechanics. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1997;27(5):443-494. 344. Hricko A. Rings of controversy around benzene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1994;102(3):276-281. 345. Hu H. Benzene associated myelofibrosis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1987;106:1:171-172. 346. Huebner WW, Schnatter AR et al. Mortality experience of a young petrochemical industry cohort. JOEM. 1997;39(10):970-982. 347. Huebner WW, Chen VW et al. Incidence of lymphohaematopoietic malignancies in a petrochemical industry cohort: 1983-94 follow-up. Occup Environ Med. 2000;57:605-614. 348. Huebner WW, Wojcik NC et al. Mortality updates (1970-1997) of two refinery/petrochemical plant cohorts at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Baytown, Texas. JOEM. 2004;46:1229-1245. 349. Hunter CG. Aromatic solvents. Ann Occup Hyg. 1966;9:191-198. 350. Hunter CG. Solvents with reference to studies on the pharmacodynamics of benzene. Proc R Soc Med. 1968;61:913-915. 351. Hunter CG and Blair D. Benzene: pharmacokinetic studies in man. Ann Occup Hyg. 1972;15:193-201. 352. Hunter D. The aromatic carbon compounds. The diseases of occupations. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969. 353. Hunter FT. Chronic exposure to benzene (benzol). II. The clinical effects. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 1939;21(8):331-354. 354. Hunter WJ, Henman BA et al. Mortality of professional chemists in England and Wales, 1965-1989. Am J Ind Med. 1993;23(4):615-627. 355. Hunting KL, Longbottom H et al. Haematopoietic cancer mortality among vehicle mechanics. Occup Environ Med. 1995;52(10):673-678. 356. Hurley JF, Cherrie JW, Maclaren W. Exposure to benzene and mortality from leukaemia: results from coke oven and other coal product workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1991;48:502-504. 357. Hurtig AK, San SM. Geographical differences in cancer incidence in the Amazon basin of Ecuador in relation to residence near oil fields. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(5):1021-1027. 358. Hurtig AK, San SM. Epidemiology on the side of the angels...Or the people? Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(4):658-659. 359. Hurtig AK, San SM. Incidence of childhood leukemia and oil exploitation in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2004;10(3):245-250. 360. Hurtig AK, San SM. Epidemiology vs epidemiology: the case of oil exploitation in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(5):1170-1172. 361. Huston DP. The biology of the immune system. JAMA. 1997;278(22):1804-1814. 362. Infante PF, Rinsky RA et al. Benzene and leukemia. Lancet. 1977;2(8043):867-869. 363. Infante PF, Rinsky RA et al. Leukemia and workers exposed to benzene. Lancet. 1977;76-78. 364. Infante PF, Rinsky RA et al. Leukaemia in benzene workers. Lancet. 1977;2:76-78. 365. Infante PF. Leukemia among workers exposed to benzene. Tex Rep Biol Med. 1978;37:153-161. 366. Infante PF and White MC. Benzene: epidemiologic observations of leukemia by cell type and adverse health effects associated with low-level exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1983;52:75-82. 367. Infante PF, White MC, Chu KC. Assessment of leukemia mortality associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Risk Analysis. 1984;4:9-13. 21 368. Infante PF and White MC. Projections of leukemia risk associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Amer J Indust Med. 1985;7:403-413. 369. Infante PF. Benzene toxicity: studying a subject to death. Amer J Indust Med. 1987;11:599-606. 370. Infante PF, Schwartz E, Cahill R. Benzene in petrol: a continuing hazard. Lancet. 1990;Sept 29:814-815. 371. Infante PF. Benzene and leukemia: the 0.1 ppm ACGIH proposed threshold limit value for benzene. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 1992;7:253-262. 372. Infante PF. State of the science on the carcinogenicity of gasoline with particular reference to cohort mortality study results. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(suppl. 6):105-9. 373. Infante PF. Benzene and leukemia: Cell types, latency and amount of exposure associated with leukemia. Advances in Occupational Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1995;1(2):107-120. 374. Infante PF. Benzene exposure and multiple myeloma: a detailed meta-analysis of benzene cohort studies. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1076:90-109. 375. Infante-Rivard C, Siemiatycki J, Lakhani R, Nadon L. Maternal exposure to occupational solvents and childhood leukemia. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:787-792. 376. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1982. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 29: Some industrial chemical and dyestuffs. Benzene. Lyon, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 93-148. 377. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1987. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42. Suppl 7. Lyons, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 38-74. 378. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1989. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 45. Occupational Exposures in Petroleum Refining; Crude Oil and Major Petroleum Fuels. Lyon, France. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 379. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1989. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 47. Some Organic Solvents, Resin Monomers and Related Compounds, Pigments and Occupational Exposures in Paint Manufacture and Painting. Lyon, France. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 380. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1996. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 65. Printing processes and printing inks, carbon black and some nitro compounds. Lyon, France. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 381. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Re-evaluation of some organic chemicals, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide (part two). Toluene. IARC. [volume 71], 829-864. 1999. Lyon, France, International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 382. Ireland B, Collins JJ et al. Cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure. Epidemiology. 1997;8:318-320. 383. Irons RD, Lv L, Gross SA, Ye X, Bao L, Wang XQ, et al. Chronic exposure to benzene results in a unique form of dysplasia. Leukemia Research 2005;29:1371-1380. 384. Irving Jr WS and Grumbles TG. Benzene exposures during gasoline loading at bulk marketing terminals. AIHAJ. 1979;40:468-472. 385. Ishimaru T, Okada H, Tomiyasu T, Tsuchimoto T, Hoshino T, Ichimaru M. Occupational factors in the epidemiology of leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Amer J Epid. 1971;93:157-165. 386. Iurlo A, Mecucci C et al. Cytogenetic and clinical investigations in 76 cases with therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1989;43:227-241. 387. Jacobs A. Annotation: Benzene and leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology. 1989;72:119-121. 388. Jacobs A, Geary C, Osman J. Haematological disorders and occupational hazards: a British society for haematology/health and safety executive study. British Journal of Haematology. 1993;84:555-557. 389. Jakobsson R, Bellander T, Lundberg I. Acute myeloid leukemia among petrol station attendants. Archives of Environmental Health. 1993;48:255-259. 390. Jamall IS, Willhite CC. Is benzene exposure from gasoline carcinogenic? J Environ Monit. 2008;10(2):176187. 391. Jaques AM. Benzene levels in hydrocarbon solvents [letter]. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2006;3:D85-D87. 22 392. Jarup L, Briggs D, de Hoogh C, et al. Cancer risks in populations living near landfill sites in Great Britain. Br J Cancer 2002;86:1732-1736. 393. Jrvholm B, Mellblom B et al. Cancer incidence of workers in the Swedish petroleum industry. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1997;54:686-691. 394. Jarvisalo J, Tola S et al. A cancer registry-based case study of occupations of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 1984;54:785-790. 395. Johnson ES and Lucier G. Perspectives on risk assessment impact of recent reports on benzene. Amer J Indust Med. 1992;21:749-757. 396. Johnson ES, Langard S, Lin Y-S. A critique of benzene exposure in the general population. Science of the Total Environment 2007;374:183-198. 397. Kaldor J, Harris JA, Glazer E et al. Statistical association between cancer incidence and major-cause mortality, and estimated residential exposure to air emissions from petroleum and chemical plants. Environmental Health Perspectives 1984;54:319-332. 398. Kalnas J and Teitelbaum DT. Dermal absorption of benzene: implications for work practices and regulations. Int J Occup Envir Health. 2000;6(2):114-121. 399. Kaminski R, Geissert KS, Dacey E. Mortality analysis of plumbers and pipefitters. JOM. 1980;22:183-189. 400. Kane EV, Newton R. Benzene and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a review and meta-analysis of the literature. Cancer Epidemiology 2010;34:7-12. 401. Kang SK, Lee MY et al. Occupational exposure to benzene in South Korea. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153- 154:65-74. 402. Kaplan SD. Update of a mortality study of workers in petroleum refineries. JOM. 1986;28:514-516. 403. Kari FW, Bucher J, Eustis SL, et al. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of hydroquinone in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 1984;30:737-747. 404. Karunanayake CP, McDuffie HH, Dosman JA, et al. Occupational exposures and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Canadian case-control study. Environ Health 2008;7:44. 405. Kasim K, Levallois P et al. Lifestyle factors and the risk of adult leukemia in Canada. Cancer Causes and Control. 2005;16:489-500. 406. Kato I, Koenig KL et al. Personal and occupational exposure to organic solvents and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in women (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. 2005;16:1215-1224. 407. Kauppinen T, Pukkala E et al. Exposure to chemical carcinogens and risk of cancer among Finnish laboratory workers. Am J Ind Med. 2003;44(4):343-350. 408. Kawai T, Yamaoka K, Uchida Y, Ikeda M. Exposure to vapors of benzene and other aromatic solvents in tank truck loading and delivery. Bull Environ Comtam Toxicol. 1991;46:1-8. 409. Kearney CA and Dunham DB. Gasoline vapor exposures at a high volume service station. AIHAJ. 1986;47:535-539. 410. Kelsey KT, Christiani DC et al. Benzene and Hodgkin's disease. J Occup Med. 1991;33(3):257. 411. Khuder SA, Youngdale MC et al. Assessment of complete blood count variations among workers exposed to low levels of benzene. JOEM. 1999;41(9):821-826. 412. Kilian DJ. Benzene. In: Zenz C, ed. Occupational medicine. 2 ed. Year book medical publishers, 1988: 1005- 7. 413. Kinlen LJ and Rogot E. Leukaemia and smoking habits among United States veterans. British Medical Journal. 1988;297:657-659. 414. Kipen HM, Cody RP et al. Hematologic effects of benzene: a thirty-five year longitudinal study of rubber workers. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 1988;4(4):411-430. 415. Kipen HM, Cody RP, Goldstein BD. Use of longitudinal analysis of peripheral blood counts to validate historical reconstructions of benzene exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1989;82:199-206. 416. Kirkeleit J, Riise T, Bratveit M, Moen BE. Increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma in a historical cohort of upstream petroleum workers exposed to crude oil. Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19(1):13-23. 417. Kishi R, Katakura Y, Yuasa J, Miyake H. Association of parents' occupational exposure to cancer in children. A case-control study of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sangyo Igaku. 1993;35:515-529. 418. Kivisto H, Pekari K et al. Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in the production of benzene and in a cookery. Sci Total Environ. 1997;199:49-63. 419. Knox EG, Gilman EA. Hazard proximities of childhood cancers in Great Britain from 1953-80. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1997;51:151-9. 23 420. Knox EG, Gilman EA. Migration patterns of children with cancer in Britain. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1998;52:716-26. 421. Koeppen H and Vardiman JW. New entities, issues, and controversies in the classification of malignant lymphoma. Seminars in Oncology. 1998;25(4):421-434. 422. Kopstein M. Benzene levels in hydrocarbon solvents [author's reply]. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2006;3:D87-D90. 423. Kopstein M. Potential uses of petrochemical products can result in significant benzene exposures: MSDSs must list benzene as an ingredient. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2006;3:1-8. 424. Korte JE, Hertz-Picciotto I et al. The contribution of benzene to smoking-induced leukemia. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000;108(4):333-339. 425. Krishnan B, Morgan GJ. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(3):377-380. 426. La Vecchia C, Negri E et al. Occupation and lymphoid neoplasms. British Journal of Cancer. 1989;60(3):385-388. 427. Lagorio S, Forastiere F et al. Mortality of filling station attendants. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994;20(5):331-338. 428. Lamm SH, Walters AS et al. Consistencies and inconsistencies underlying the quantitative assessment of leukemia risk from benzene exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1989;82:289-297. 429. Lamm SH and Morris CB. Does benzene cause multiple myeloma. 7/6/95. (unpublished) 430. Lamm SH, Engel A, Byrd DM. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and benzene exposure: a systematic literature review. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153-154:231-7.:231-237. 431. Lan Q, Zhang L et al. Hematoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene. Science. 2004;306:1774- 1776. 432. Landrigan PJ. Benzene and leukemia. Amer J Indust Med. 1987;11:605-606. 433. Landrigan PJ and Nicholson WJ. Benzene. In: Rom WN, ed. Environmental and occupational medicine. 2 ed. Little, Brown and Company, 1992: 861-5. 434. Landrigan PJ. Benzene and blood: one hundred years of evidence. Amer J Indust Med. 1996;29(225):226. 435. Langholz B, Ebi KL, Thomas DC, et al. Traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia in a Los Angeles case-control study. Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:482-487. 436. Larson RA. Myeloid leukemia after cytotoxic therapy and other hematotoxins. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000;61(5-6):381-386. 437. Le Beau MM, Larson RA et al. Association of an inversion of chromosome 16 with abnormal marrow eosinophils in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. NEJM. 1983;309:630-636. 438. Le Beau MM. Chromosomal abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Seminars in Oncology. 1990;17(1):20-29. 439. Lee WJ, Baris D, Jarvholm B, Silverman DT, Bergdahl IA, Blair A. Multiple myeloma and diesel and other occupational exposures in Swedish construction workers. Int J Cancer. 2003;107(1):134-138. 440. Leffler WL. Crude oil characteristics. Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person. 2 ed. 1998: 3-70. 441. Legator MS. Underestimating risk for three important human carcinogens: vinyl chloride, benzene, and butadiene. Journal of Clean Technology, Environment Toxicology, and Occupational Medicine. 1996;5(3):199-205. 442. Lehman EJ, Hein MJ. Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing: an update. Am J Ind Health 2006;49:535-546. 443. Lehman EJ, Hein MJ, Estill CF. Proportionate mortality study of the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry. Am J Ind Med. 2008. 444. Leon DA. Mortality in the British printing industry: a historical cohort study of trade union members in Manchester. Occup Environ Med. 1994;51(2):79-86. 445. Leung H-W and Paustenbach DJ. Techniques for estimating the percutaneous absorption of chemicals due to occupational and environmental exposure. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 1994;9(3):187-197. 446. Lewis RJ, Yarborough CM et al. Lymphopoietic cancer and other major causes of death among petrochemical researchers: an update. Occupational Medicine. 1999;49(2):71-77. 447. Lewis RJ, Gamble JF, Jorgensen G. Mortality among three refinery/petrochemical plant cohorts. I. 1970 to 1982 active /terminated workers. JOEM. 2000;42(7):721-729. 448. Lewis RJ, Schnatter AR et al. Updated mortality among diverse operating segments of a petroleum company. Occup Environ Med. 2000;57(595):604. 24 449. Lewis RJ, Gamble JF et al. Mortality among three refinery/petrochemical plant cohorts [reply]. JOEM. 2002;44(5):396-397. 450. Lewis RJ, Schnatter AR et al. Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Canadian petroleum workers. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2003;60:918-928. 451. Lewis SJ, Bell GM et al. Retrospective estimation of exposure to benzene in a leukaemia case-control study of petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Occup Environ Med. 1997;54(3):167-175. 452. Li G, Tanrong D, Zhang X. A cohort study of cancer among workers exposed to benzene. Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis. 1997;15:349-353. 453. Li G and Yin S. Progress of epidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies on benzene in China. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1076:800-809. 454. Li G-L, Linet MS et al. Gender differences in hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative disorders and other cancer risks by major occupational group among workers exposed to benzene in China. JOM. 1994;36:875881. 455. Liaudet J and Combaz M. Leucemie myeloide chronique chea un chimiste pertolier de 35 and, manipulant du benzene depuis l'age de 18 ans. Journal Europeen de Toxicologie. 1973;6:309-313. 456. Lindquist R, Nilsson B, Eklund G, Gahrton G. Acute leukemia in professional drivers exposed to gasoline and diesel. Eur J Haematol. 1991;47(2):98-103. 457. Lindsay JP, Stavraky KM, Howe GR. The Canadian Labour Force Ten Percent Sample Study. Cancer mortality among men, 1965-1979. JOM. 1993;35(4):408-414. 458. Lindstrom AB, Highsmith VR et al. Gasoline-contaminated ground water as a source of residential benzene exposure: a case study. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1994;4(2):183-194. 459. Linet MS, Harlow SD, McLaughlin JK. A case-control study of multiple myeloma in whites: chronic antigenic stimulation, occupation and drug use. Cancer Research. 1987;47:2978-2981. 460. Linet MS, Stewart WF et al. Comparison of methods for determining occupational exposure in a case-control interview study of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Occup Med. 1987;29:136-141. 461. Linet MS, Malker HSR et al. Leukemias and occupation in Sweden: a registry-based analysis. Amer J Indust Med. 1988;14:319-330. 462. Linet MS, McLaughlin JK et al. Cigarette smoking and leukemia: results from the Lutheran Brotherhood cohort study. Cancer Causes and Control. 1991;2:413-417. 463. Linet MS, McLaughlin JK et al. Is cigarette smoking a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or multiple myeloma? Results from the Lutheran Brotherhood cohort study. Leukemia Research. 1992;16(6/7):621-624. 464. Linet MS, Malker HSR et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupation in Sweden: a registry based analysis. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1993;50:79-84. 465. Linet MS, McLaughlin JK et al. Occupation and hematopoetic and lymphoproliferative malignancies among women: a linked registry study. JOM. 1994;36:1187-1198. 466. Linet MS, Yin SN et al. Clinical features of hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1353-1364. 467. Linet M, Devesa S, Morgan G. 2006. The leukemias. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF, Jr., editors. U.S.A.: Oxford University Press.p 841-871. 468. Linos A, Kyle RA et al. A case-control study of occupational exposures and leukaemia. Int J Epidemiol. 1980;9(2):131-135. 469. Linos A, Blair A, Cantor KP et al. Leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among embalmers and funeral directors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990;82(1):66. 470. Linos A, Blair A et al. Leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and residential proximity to industrial plants. Archives of Environmental Health. 1991;46:70-74. 471. Lipscomb JA, Goldman LR, Satin KP, et al. A follow-up study of the community near the McColl Waste Disposal site. Environmental Health Perspectives 1991;94:15-24. 472. Lloyd JW, Decoufle P, Salvin LG. Unusual Mortality Experience of Printing Pressman. JOM. 1977;19:543550. 473. Longo DL, Fisher RI et al. Lymphoma classification - the gap between biology and clinical management is closing. Blood. 1996;88(11):4085-4089. 474. Loomis DP and Savitz DA. Occupational and leukemia mortality among men in 16 states: 1985-1987. Amer J Indust Med. 1991;19:509-521. 475. Low LK, Meeks JR, Norris KJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of benzene in zymbal gland and other key targets after oral administration in rats. Env Health Perspect. 1989;82:215-222. 25 476. Lowengart RA, Peters JM et al. Childhood leukemia and parents' occupational and home exposures. JNCI. 1987;79(1):39-46. 477. Luce D, Landre M-F et al. Cancer mortality among magazine printing workers. Occup Environ Med. 1997;54:264-267. 478. Lundberg I. Mortality and cancer incidence among Swedish paint industry workers with long-term exposure to organic solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1986;12:108-113. 479. Lundberg I and Milatou-Smith R. Mortality and cancer incidence among Swedish paint industry workers with long-term exposure to organic solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24(4):270-275. 480. Lynge E, Rix BA et al. Cancer in printing workers in Denmark. Occup Environ Med. 1995;52(11):738-744. 481. Lynge E, Anttila A, Hemminki K. Organic solvents and cancer. Cancer Causes and Control. 1997;8:406-419. 482. Lynge E, Andersen A et al. Risk of cancer and exposure to gasoline vapors. Amer J Epid. 1997;145(5):449- 458. 483. Lyons RA, Monaghan SP et al. Incidence of leukemia and lymphoma in young people in the vicinity of the petrochemical plant at Baglan Bay, South Wales, 1974 to 1991. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1995;52:225-228. 484. Ma X, Lim U, Park Y, Mayne ST, Wang R, Hartge P, Hollenbeck R, Schatzkin A. Obesity, lifestyle factors, and risk of myelodysplastic syndromes in a large US cohort. Amer J Epid 2009;169:1492-1499. 485. Ma X, Does M, Raza A, Mayne ST. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Incidence and survival in the United States. Cancer 2007;109:1536-1542. 486. Macaluso M, Larson R et al. Leukemia and cumulative exposure to butadiene, styrene, and benzene among workers in the synthetic rubber industry. Toxicology. 1996;113:190-202. 487. MacIntosh DL, Xue J et al. A population-based exposure model for benzene. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1995;5(3):375-402. 488. Maibach HI and Anjo DM. Percutaneous penetration of benzene and benzene contained solvents used in the rubber industry. Archives of Environmental Health. 1981;36:256-260. 489. Mallin K, Berkeley L, Young Q. A proportional mortality ratio study of workers in a construction equipment and diesel engine manufacturing plant. Amer J Indust Med. 1986;10:127-141. 490. Mallory TB, Gall EA, Brickley WJ. Chronic exposure to benzene (benzol). III.The pathologic results. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 1939;21(8):355-377. 491. Malone KE, Koepsell TD et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in relation to toxic substance exposure. Amer J Epid. 1987;126(4):763. 492. Malone KE, Koepsell TD et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in relation to chemical exposures. Amer J Epid. 1989;130:1152-1158. 493. Maltoni C, Conti B., Cotti G, et al. Experimental studies on benzene carcinogenicity at the Bologna Institute of Oncology: Current results and ongoing research. Am J Ind Med. 1985;7:415-446. 494. Mao Y, Hu J et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupational exposure to chemicals in Canada. Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Ann Oncol. 2000;11(Suppl 1):69-73. 495. Marano DE, Boice JD et al. Exposure assessment for a large epidemiological study of aircraft manufacturing workers. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2000;15:644-656. 496. Marsh GM, Enterline PE, McCraw D. Mortality patterns among petroleum refinery and chemical plant workers. Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(1):29-42. 497. Mason H and Wilson K. Biological monitoring: the role of toxicokinetics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. AIHAJ. 1999;60:237-242. 498. Massoudi BL, Talbott EO, Day RD, Swerdlow SH, Marsh GM, Kuller LH. A case-control study of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms: the role of work in the chemical industry. Am J Ind Med. 1997;31(1):21-27. 499. Matanoski GM, Stockwell HG et al. A cohort mortality study of painters and allied tradesmen. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1986;12:6-21. 500. McCraw DS, Joyner RE, Cole P. Excess leukemia in a refinery population. JOM. 1985;27:3:218-222. 501. McDermott HJ and Vos GA. Service station attendants' exposure to benzene and gasoline vapors. AIHAJ. 1979;40:315-321. 502. McFee DR and Zavon P. Solvents. In: Plog BA, ed. Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene. 3 ed. 1988: 95-104. 503. McHale CM, Lan Q, Corso C et al. Chromosome translocations in workers exposed to benzene. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2008;(39):74-77. 504. McLaughlin JK, Linet MS et al. Multiple myeloma and occupation in Sweden. Archives of Environmental Health. 1988;43:7-10. 26 505. McMichael AJ, Spirtas R, Kupper LL. An epidemiologic study of mortality within a cohort of rubber workers, 1964-72. JOM. 1974;16:7:458-464. 506. McMichael AJ, Spirtas R et al. Solvent exposure and leukemia among rubber workers: an epidemiologic study. JOM. 1975;17:4:234-239. 507. McMichael AJ, Andjelkovich DA, Tyroler HA. Cancer mortality among rubber workers: an epidemiologic study. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1976;271:125-137. 508. McMichael AJ, Spirtas R et al. Mortality among rubber workers: relationship to specific jobs. JOM. 1976;18:178-185. 509. Mehlman MA. Dangerous and cancer-causing properties of products and chemicals in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. Part XXX. Causal relationship between chronic myelogenous leukemia and benzene-containing solvents. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1076:110-119. 510. Mele A, Szklo M, Visani G et al. Hair dye use and other risk factors for leukemia and pre-leukemia: a casecontrol study. Italian Leukemia Study Group. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139(6):609-619. 511. Mele A, Stazi MA, Pulsoni A et al. Epidemiology of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Haematologica. 1995;80(5):405-408. 512. Mester B, Nieters A et al. Occupation and malignant lymphoma: a population based case control study in Germany. Occup Environ Med. 2006;63(1):17-26. 513. Michaels D, Zoloth SR, Stern FB. Does low-level lead exposure increase risk of death? A mortality study of newspaper printers. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20:978-983. 514. Milham, S. and Ossiander, E. Occupational mortality in Washington state, 1950-1999. 1-67. 2001. Olympia, Washington, Epidemiology Office, Washington State Department of Health. 515. Miligi L, Costantini AS et al. Occupational exposure to solvents and the risk of lymphomas. Epidemiology. 2006;17(5):552-561. 516. Miller B, Fransman W et al. A review of the data quality and comparability of case-control studies of lowlevel exposure to benzene in the petroleum industry. Institute of Occupational Medicine. Edinburgh. Report No.: TM/05/04. 517. Miller BA, Blair AE et al. Cancer and other mortality patterns among United States furniture workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1989;46:508-515. 518. Mills PK, Newell GR, Johnson DE. Testicular cancer associated with employment in agriculture and oil and natural gas extraction. Lancet 1984;(207):209. 519. Mills PK, Newell GR, Beeson WL, Fraser GE. 1990. History of cigarette smoking and risk of leukemia and myeloma:results from the Adventist health study. JNCI 82:1832-1836. 520. Mitelman F, Brandt L, Nilsson PG. Relation among occupational exposure to potential mutagenic/carcinogenic agents, clinical findings, and bone marrow chromosomes in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1978;52(6):1229-1237. 521. Mitelman F, Nilsson PG et al. Chromosome pattern, occupation, and clinical features in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1981;4:197-214. 522. Mitelman F, Nilsson PG, Brandt L. The correlation of karyotype and occupational exposure to potential mutagenic/carcinogenic agents in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1984;11:326331. 523. Moen BE. Work with chemicals on deck of Norwegian chemical tankers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1991;62:543-547. 524. Moen BE, Hollund BE et al. Exposure of the deck crew to carcinogenic agents on oil product tankers. Ann Occup Hyg. 1995;39(3):347-361. 525. Moen BE, Hollund BE et al. Occupational exposure of deck crews to carcinogenic agents on crude oil tankers. Amer J Indust Med. 1995;27:555-564. 526. Monson RR, Nakano KK. Mortality among rubber workers. I. White male union employees in Akron, Ohio. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;103(3):284-296. 527. Monson RR and Fine LJ. Cancer mortality and morbidity among rubber workers. Journal of National Cancer Institute. 1978;61:1047-1053. 528. Morgan GJ and Alvares CL. Benzene and the hemopoietic stem cell. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2005;153-154:217-222. 529. Morgan RW and Wong O. (1984) An epidemiologic analysis of the mortality experience of Mobil Oil Corporation employees at the Beaumont, Texas, refinery. Submitted to Mobil Oil Corporation, 4/10/1984. 530. Morris PD, Koepsell TD et al. Toxic substance exposure and multiple myeloma: a case-control study. JNCI. 1986;76(6). 27 531. Morton W, Marjanovic D. Leukemia incidence by occupation in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Amer J Indust Med. 1984;6:185-205. 532. Mudie NY, Swerdlow AJ, Higgins CD et al. Risk of second malignancy after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a British cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(10):1568-1574. 533. Mulder YM, Drijver M, Kreis IA. Case-control study on the association between a cluster of childhood haematopoietic malignancies and local environmental factors in Aalsmeer, The Netherlands. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1994;48:161-165. 534. Nagata C, Shimizu H, Hirashima K et al. Hair dye use and occupational exposure to organic solvents as risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia Research. 1999;23:57-62. 535. Nandakumar A, Armstrong BK, De Klerk NH. Multiple myeloma in Western Australia: a case-control study in relation to occupation, father's occupation, socioeconomic status and country of birth. Int J Cancer. 1986;37:223-226. 536. Narod SA and Dube ID. Occupational history and involvement of chromosomes 5 and 7 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1989;38:261-269. 537. Natelson EA. Benzene-induced acute myeloid leukemia: A clinician's perspective. Am J Hematol. 2007. 538. National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2005. Report on carcinogens. 11th ed. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. http://ntpserver.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/toc11.html. February 15, 2004. 539. Navasumrit P, Chanvaivit S et al. Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene in Thailand. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153-154:75-83. 540. Nebert DW. Genetic differences in susceptibility to chemically induced myelotoxicity and leukemia. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1991;39:11-22. 541. Nelson NA. Mortality in AMOCO Oil refinery employees phase I. I-114. 1985. Chicago, IL, AMOCO Corporation. 542. Nelson NA, van Peenen PFD, Blanchard AG. Mortality in a recent oil refinery cohort. JOM. 1987;29:610612. 543. Newton R, Ferlay J et al. The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: comparison of nodal and extra nodal sites. Int J Cancer. 1997;72:923-930. 544. Nicholson WJ, Selikoff IJ, Seidman H. Mortality experience of styrene-polystyrene polymerization workers. Initial findings. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1978;4 Suppl 2:247-52.:247-252. 545. Nicholson WJ and Landrigan PJ. Quantitative assessment of lives lost due to delay in the regulation of occupational exposure to benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 1989;82:185-8.:185-188. 546. Nies E and Korinth G. Commentary on "Penetration of benzene, toluene and xylenes contained in gasolines through human abdominal skin in vitro". Toxicology in Vitro. 2007. (article in press) 547. Nilsson R, Nordlinder R, Jarvholm B. [Health risks of gasoline handling. Exposure to benzene can cause leukemia.] Lakartidningen. 1993;90:1553-1557. [Article in Swedish] 548. Nilsson RI, Carnescog J et al. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia among deck officers on coastal tankers: a report of two cases. Amer J Indust Med. 1988;14:657-659. 549. Nilsson RI, Nordlinder R, Jarvholm B. Leukaemia and lymphoma in seamen on tankers. ISEOH . 1994. 550. Nilsson RI, Nordlinder RG et al. Genotoxic effects in workers exposed to low levels of benzene from gasoline. Amer J Indust Med. 1996;30:317-324. 551. Nilsson RI, Nordlinder R et al. Leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma in seamen on tankers. Occup Environ Med. 1998;55:517-521. 552. Nise G, Hogstedt B et al. Cytogenetic effects in rotogravure printers exposed to toluene (and benzene). Mutation Research. 1991;261:217-223. 553. Nisse C, Lorthois C et al. Exposure to occupational and environmental factors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Preliminary results of a case-control study. Leukemia. 1995;9:693-699. 554. Nisse C, Haguenoer JM, Grandbastien B et al. Occupational and environmental risk factors of the myelodysplastic syndromes in the north of France. Br J Haematol. 2001;112(4):927-935. 555. Nomiyama K and Nomiyama H. Respiratory retention, uptake and excretion of organic solvents in man. Int Arch Arbeitsmed. 1979;32:75-83. 556. Nordlinder R and Jarvholm B. Environmental exposure to gasoline and leukemia in children and young adults: an ecology study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70:57-60. 557. Norseth T, Andersen A, Giltvedt J. Cancer incidence in the rubber industry in Norway. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1983;9(Suppl 2):69-71. 28 558. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR 1910.1000. 1998. 559. O'Connor SR, Farmer PB, Lauder I. Benzene and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Pathol. 1999;189(4):448-453. 560. Olin GR. The hazards of a chemical laboratory environment - a study of the mortality in two cohorts of Swedish chemists. AIHAJ. 1978;39:557-562. 561. Olin R. Leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease among Swedish chemistry graduates. Lancet. 1976;916. 562. Olsen GW, Hearn S et al. Mortality experience of a cohort of Louisiana chemical workers. JOM. 1989;31:32- 34. 563. Olshan AF, van Wijngaarden E. Paternal occupation and childhood cncer. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003;518:147- 161. 564. Olsson H and Brandt L. Risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma among men occupationally exposed to organic solvents. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988;14:246-251. 565. Orsi L, troussard X, Monnereau A et al. Occupation and lymphoid malignancies: results from a French case- control study. JOEM. 2007;49(12):1339-1350. 566. Ott MG, Townsend JC et al. Mortality among individuals occupationally exposed to benzene. Arch Environ Health. 1978;33(1):3-10. 567. Ott MG, Teta MJ, Greenberg HL. Assessment of exposure to chemicals in a complex work environment. Amer J Indust Med. 1989;16:617-630. 568. Ott MG, Teta MJ, Greenberg HL. Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue cancer in a chemical manufacturing environment. Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(6):631-643. 569. Otterson EJ. Aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Zenz C, ed. Occupational medicine. Year book medical publishers, 1980: 780-6. 570. Paci E, Buiatti E et al. Aplastic anemia, leukemia and other cancer mortality in a cohort of shoe workers exposed to benzene. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1989;15:313-318. 571. Pan BJ, Hong YJ, Chung GC, et al. Excess cancer mortality among children and adolescents in residential districts polluted by petrochemical manufacturing plants in Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health 1994;43(1):117-29. 572. Park RM, Krebs J, Mirer F. Mortality at an automotive stamping and assembly complex. Amer J Indust Med. 1994;26:449-463. 573. Parodi S, Vercelli M et al. Lymphohaematopoietic system cancer incidence in an urban area near a coke oven plant: an ecological investigation. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60(3):187-193. 574. Parodi S, Montanaro F et al. Mortality of petroleum refinery workers [letter]. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2003;60:304-307. 575. Patel A, Talbott E, Zborowski J, Rycheck J, Dell D, Schwerha J. Chronic low level exposure to gasoline vapors and risk of cancer: a community-based study. Epidemiology. 2004;15(4):S192. 576. Patel AS, Talbott EO et al. Risk of cancer as a result of community exposure to gasoline vapors. Arch Environ Health. 2004;59(10):497-503. 577. Paterni L, Sarnari V. Mielopatia involutiva benzenica con inserimento in fase avanzata di reticolo-sarcoma mediastinico. Securitas. 1950;50(10):55-59. 578. Paustenbach DJ, Price PS et al. Reevaluation of benzene exposure for the Pliofilm (rubberworker) cohort (1936-1976). J Toxicol Environ Health. 1992;36:177-231. 579. Paustenbach DJ, Bass RD, Price P. Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl. 6):177-200. 580. Paxton MB, Chinchilli VM et al. Reanalysis and update of the leukemogenic risk associated with occupational benzene exposure in the Pliofilm cohort. 1992. 581. Paxton MB, Chinchilli VM et al. Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the pliofilm cohort: I. Mortality update and exposure distribution. Risk Analysis. 1994;14(2):147-154. 582. Paxton MB, Chinchilli VM et al. Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the pliofilm cohort. II. Risk estimates. Risk Analysis. 1994;14(2):155-161. 583. Paxton MB. Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the Pliofilm cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(6):1431-1436. 584. Pearce N and Bethwaite P. Increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: occupational and environmental factors. Cancer Research (Suppl). 1992;52:5496s-5500s. 585. Pearce NE, Smith AH, Fisher DO. Malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma linked with agricultural occupations in a New Zealand cancer registry-based study. Amer J Epid. 1985;121:225-237. 29 586. Pearson RL, Wachtel H, Ebi KL. Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 2000;50:175-180. 587. Pekari K, Vainiotalo S et al. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to low levels of benzene. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992;18:317-322. 588. Pelclova D, Rossner P, Pickova J. Chromosome aberrations in rotogravure printing plant workers. Mutation Research. 1990;245:299-303. 589. Pennsylvania Department of Health. Tranguch gasoline spill report Hazelton, Pennsylvania. i-27. 2001. Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Department of Health. 590. Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology. Tranguch cancer incidence study; updated through 2002. 1-11. 2003. Harrisburg, PA, Pennsylvania Department of Health. 591. Persson B, Dahlander AM et al. Malignant lymphomas and occupational exposures. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1989;46:516-520. 592. Persson B, Fredriksson M et al. Some occupational exposures as risk factors for malignant lymphomas. Cancer. 1993;72(5):1773-1778. 593. Persson B and Fredrikson M. Some risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1999;12(2):135-142. 594. Peters JM, Monson RR et al. Occupational disease in the rubber industry. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1976;17:31-34. 595. Petrelli G, Siepi G et al. Solvents in pesticides. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19(1):63-65. 596. Petridou E and Trichopoulos D. Leukemias. Textbook of Cancer Epidemiology. Ed. Adami H-O, Hunter D, Trichopoulos D. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2002. 556-572. 597. Petridou E, Pourtsidis A, Trichopoulos D. 2008. Leukemias. In: Adami H-O, Hunter D, Trichopoulos D, editors. Textbook of cancer epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.p 694-715. 598. Phillips CF and Jones RK. Gasoline vapor exposure during bulk handling operations. AIHAJ. 1978;39:118- 128. 599. Picciano H, Louwagie A, Broechaert-Van Orshoven A, et al. Chromosome analysis in two unusual malignant blood disorders presumably induced by benzene. Blood. 1979;53:558-566. 600. Pogoda JM, Preston-Martin S, Nichols PW, Ross RK. 2002. Smoking and risk of acute myeloid leukemia: Results from a Los Angeles county case-control study. Amer J Epid 155:546-553. 601. Pottern LM, Heineman EF et al. Multiple myeloma among Danish women: employment history and workplace exposures. Cancer Causes and Control. 1992;3:427-432. 602. Pukkala E. Cancer incidence among Finnish oil refinery workers, 1971-1994. JOEM. 1998;40(8):675-701. 603. Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, Lynge E, et al. Occupation and cancer follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries. Acta Oncologica 2009;48:646-790. 604. Purdue MP, Severson RK, Colt JS, et al. Degreasing and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Occup Environ Med 2009;66(8):557-60. 605. Pyatt D. Benzene and hematopoietic malignancies. Clin Occup Environ Med. 2004;4(3):529-555. 606. Quizhpe E, San SM, Hurtig AK, Llamas A. [Prevalence of anaemia in schoolchildren in the Amazon area of Ecuador]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2003;13(6):355-361. 607. Raabe GK. Review of the carcinogenic potential of gasoline. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl. 6:35-44. 608. Raabe GK and Wong O. Leukemia mortality by cell type in petroleum workers with potential exposure to benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1381-1392. 609. Raabe GK, Collingwood KW, Wong O. An updated mortality study of workers at a petroleum refinery in Beaumont, Texas. Amer J Indust Med. 1998;33:61-81. 610. Raalte HGS and Grasso P. Hematological, myelotoxic, clastogenic, carcinogenic, and leukemogenic effects of benzene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1982;2:153-176. 611. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Hertel O et al. Air pollution from traffic at the residence of children with cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(5):433-443. 612. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Reynolds P. Air pollution and childhood cancer: a review of the epidemiological literature. Int J Cancer 2006;118:2920-2929. 613. Rafnsson V. Incidence of cancer among bookbinders, printers, photoengravers, and typesetters. Occup Environ Med. 2001;58(8):523-527. 614. Rappaport SM, Selvin S, Waters WJ. Exposures to hydrocarbon components of gasoline in the petroleum industry. Applied Industrial Hygiene. 1987;2:148-154. 30 615. Reddy MV, Blackburn GR, Irwin SE, et al. A method for in vitro culture of rat zymbal gland: use in mechanistic studies of benzene caricinogenesis in combination with 32p-postlabeling. Env Health Perspect. 1989;82:239-247. 616. Reddy MV, Blackburn GR, Schreiner CA. Mehlman MA. Mackerer CR. 32p analysis of DNA adducts in tissues of benzene-treated rats. Env Health Perspect. 1989;82:253-257. 617. Rego MA, Sousa CS et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and organic solvents. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44(9):874-881. 618. Rejsek K and Rejskova M. Long term observation of chronic benzene poisoning. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 1955;CLII:71-77. 619. Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Gunier RB, et al. Traffic patterns and childhood cancer incidence rates in California, United States. Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:665-673. 620. Reynolds P, Von BJ, Gunier RB, Goldberg DE, Hertz A, Smith DF. Childhood cancer incidence rates and hazardous air pollutants in California: an exploratory analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111(4):663668. 621. Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Gunier RB, et al. Residential exposure to traffic in California and childhood cancer. Epidemiology 2004;15:6-12. 622. Richardson DB. Multistage modeling of leukemia in benzene workers: a simple approach to fitting the 2stage clonal expansion model. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169:78-85. 623. Richardson DB. Temporal variation in the association between benzene and leukemia mortality. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116(3):370-374. 624. Richardson S, Zittoun R et al. Occupational risk factors for acute leukaemia: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 1992;21(6):1063-1073. 625. Rigolin GM, Cuneo A, Roberti MG et al. Exposure to myelotoxic agents and myelodysplasia: case-control study and correlation with clinicobiological findings. Br J Haematol. 1998;103(1):189-197. 626. Rinsky RA, Young RJ, Smith AB. Leukemia in benzene workers. Amer J Indust Med. 1981;2:217-245. 627. Rinsky RA, Smith AB et al. Benzene and leukemia: an epidemiological risk assessment. NEJM. 1987;316:1044-1050. 628. Rinsky RA, Ott MG et al. Study of mortality among chemical workers in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia. Amer J Indust Med. 1988;13:429-438. 629. Rinsky RA. Benzene and leukemia: an epidemiologic risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1989;82:189-191. 630. Rinsky RA, Hornung RW et al. Benzene exposure and hematopoietic mortality: a long-term epidemiologic risk assessment. Am J Ind Med. 2002;42(6):474-480. 631. Robbins A. Re: Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in humans. Hayes et al. Am J Ind Med. 2001;40(6):714-716. 632. Robinson C, Stern F, Halperin W et al. Assessment of mortality in the construction industry in the United States, 1984-1986. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1995;28:49-70. 633. Robison LL and Ross JL. Epidemiology of leukemias and lymphomas in childhood. In: Balliere, ed. Clinical Pediatrics. 1995. 634. Rodella S, Ciccone G et al. Cytogenetics and occupational exposures in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19(6):369-374. 635. Rollison DE, Howlander N, Smith MT, et al. Epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myeloproliferative disorders in the United States, 2001-2004, using data from the NAACCR and SEER programs. Blood 2009 ;112:45-52. 636. Rosenbloom B, Schreck R, Koeffler HP. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 1992;6:707-22. 637. Rosenman KD. Mortality among three refinery/petrochemical plant cohorts [letter]. JOEM. 2002;44:395-396. 638. Rosner F and Grunwald H. Multiple myeloma terminating in acute leukemia: Report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Amer J Medicine. 1974;57:927-939. 639. Ross D. Metabolic basis of benzene toxicity. Eur J Haematol. 1996;57:111-118. 640. Rothman N, Smith MT et al. An epidemiologic study of early biologic effects of benzene in Chinese workers. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(6):1365-1370. 641. Rothman N, Li G-L et al. Hematotoxicity among Chinese workers heavily exposed to benzene. Amer J Indust Med. 1996;29:236-246. 31 642. Rothman N, Smith MT et al. Benzene poisoning, a risk factor for hematological malignancy, is associated with the NQO1609 CT mutation and rapid fractional excretion of chlorzoxazone. Cancer Research. 1997;57:2839-2842. 643. Rothman N, Bechtold WE et al. Urinary excretion of phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and muconic acid by workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Occup Environ Med. 1998;55(10):705-711. 644. Rowley JD. Do human tumors show a chromosome pattern specific for each etiologic agent? JNCI. 1974;52(2):315-320. 645. Rowley JD. Chromosome changes in leukemic cells as indicators of mutagenic exposure. In: Rowley JD, Ultmann JE, eds. Chromosomes and Cancer from Molecules to Man. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc., 1983: 139-59. 646. Runion HE. Benzene in gasoline. AIHAJ. 1975;36:338-350. 647. Runion HE. Benzene in gasoline II. AIHAJ. 1977;38:391-393. 648. Ruppert T, Scherer G et al. trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environment exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69:247-251. 649. Rushton L and Alderson MR. A case-control study to investigate the association between exposure to benzene and deaths from leukaemia in oil refinery workers. British Journal of Cancer. 1981;43:77-84. 650. Rushton L and Alderson MR. An epidemiological survey of eight oil refineries in Britain. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1981;38:225-234. 651. Rushton L and Alderson MR. Epidemiological survey of oil distribution centres in Britain. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1983;40:330-339. 652. Rushton L. A 39-year follow-up of the UK oil refinery and distribution center studies: results for kidney cancer and leukemia. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl. 6):77-84. 653. Rushton L. Further follow up of mortality in a United Kingdom oil distribution centre cohort. Br J Ind Med. 1993;50(6):561-569. 654. Rushton L. Further follow up of mortality in a United Kingdom oil refinery cohort. Br J Ind Med. 1993;50(6):549-560. 655. Rushton L and Romaniuk H. 1995. The Institute of Petroleum epidemiological study: the results of a case- control study to investigate the risk of leukaemia associated with exposure to benzene in petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. The University of Nottingham; Faculty of Medicine; Dept of Public Health and Epidemiology. 656. Rushton L and Romaniuk H. A case-control study to investigate the risk of leukaemia associated with exposure to benzene in petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1997;54:152-166. 657. San Sebastian M, Armstrong B, Cordoba JA, Stephens C. Exposures and cancer incidence near oil fields in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Occup Environ Med 2001;58(8):517-522. 658. San Sebastian M, Hurtig AK. Cancer among indigenous people in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador, 1985-2000. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2004;16(5):328-333. 659. Sandler DP and Colman GW. Cytogenetic and environmental factors in the etioloy and of the acute leukemias in adults. Amer J Epid. 1987;126:1017-1032. 660. Sandler DP, Shore DL et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of acute leukemia: associations with morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities in bone marrow. JNCI. 1993;85(24):1994-2002. 661. Sandler DP and Ross JA. Epidemiology of acute leukemia in children and adults. Semin Oncol. 1997;24:3-16. 662. Sans S, Elliott P et al. Cancer incidence and mortality near the Baglan Bay petrochemicals works, South Wales. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1995;52:217-224. 663. Sasiadek M, Jagielski J, Smolik R. Localization of breakpoints in the karyotype of workers professionally exposed to benzene. Mutation Research. 1989;224:235-240. 664. Sathiakumar N, Delzell E et al. A case-control study of leukemia among petroleum workers. JOEM. 1995;37:1269-1277. 665. Sathiakumar N, Delzell E et al. Mortality from cancer and other causes of death among synthetic rubber workers. Occup Environ Med. 1998;55:230-235. 666. Satin K et al. Pascagoula Refinery Mortality Study 1963-1993. 04415-04432. 1996. Chevron. 667. Satin KP, Wong O et al. A 50-year mortality follow-up of a large cohort of oil refinery workers in Texas. JOEM. 1996;38(5):492-506. 668. Satin KP, Bailey WJ et al. Updated epidemiological study of workers at two California petroleum refineries, 1950-95. Occup Environ Med. 2002;59:248-256. 669. Savitz DA and Moure R. Cancer risk among oil refinery workers. JOM. 1984;26:662-670. 32 670. Savitz DA, Feingold L. Association of childhood cancer with residential traffic density. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1989;15:360-363. 671. Savitz DA and Andrews KW. Risk of myelogenous leukaemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene (editorial comment on Wong article). Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1996;53:357-358. 672. Savitz DA and Andrews KW. Review of epidemiologic evidence on benzene and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. Amer J Indust Med. 1997;31:287-295. 673. Sawyer RF. Trends in auto emissions and gasoline composition. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl. 6):5-12. 674. Scala RA. Motor gasoline toxicity. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1988;10:553-562. 675. Scelo G, Metayer C, Zhang L et al. Household exposure to paint and petroleum solvents, chromosomal translocations, and the risk of childhood leukemia. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2009;117(1):133-139. 676. Schenk M, Purdue MP, Colt JS, et al. Occupation/industry and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States. Occup Environ Med 2009;66(1):23-31. 677. Scherr PA, Hutchison GB, Neiman RS. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupational exposure. Cancer Research (Suppl). 1992;52:5503s-5509s. 678. Schnatter AR, Theriault GP, et al. A retrospective mortality study within operating segments of a petroleum company. Amer J Indust Med. 1992;22:209-229. 679. Schnatter AR, Katz AM et al. A retrospective mortality study among Canadian petroleum marketing and distribution workers. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl. 6):85-99. 680. Schnatter AR, Nicolich MJ, Bird MG. Determination of leukemogenic benzene exposure concentrations: refined analyses of the Pliofilm cohort. Risk Analysis. 1996;16(6):833-840. 681. Schnatter AR, Armstrong TW et al. Lymphohaematopoietic malignancies and quantitative estimates of exposure to benzene in Canadian petroleum distribution workers. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1996;53:773-781. 682. Schnatter AR, Armstrong TW et al. The relationship between low-level benzene exposure and leukemia in Canadian petroleum distribution workers. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(Sup.6):1375-1379. 683. Schnatter AR. Benzene exposure and leukemia [letter]. Epidemiology. 2004;15:509. 684. Schnatter AR, Rosamilia K, Wojcik NC. Review of the literature on benzene exposure and leukemia subtypes. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153-154:9-21. 685. Schnatter R. Petroleum worker studies and benzene risk assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000;61(56):433-437. 686. Schottenfeld D, Warshauer ME et al. A prospective study of morbidity and mortality in petroleum industry employees in the United States - a preliminary report. In: Peto R, Schneiderman M, eds. Quantification of occupational cancer; Banbury Report 9. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1981. 687. Schumacher MC and Delzell E. A death-certificate case-control study on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupation in men in North Carolina. Amer J Indust Med. 1988;13:317-330. 688. Schwartz E. Proportionate mortality ratio analysis of automobile mechanics and gasoline service station workers in New Hampshire. Amer J Indust Med. 1987;12:91-99. 689. Seidler A, Mhner M et al. Solvent exposure and malignant lymphoma: a population-based case-control study in Germany. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 2007;2:2. 690. Seifert B and Abraham HJ. Indoor air concentrations of benzene and some other aromatic hydrocarbons. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 1982;6:190-192. 691. Selvin S, Levin LI et al. Selected epidemiologic observations of cell-specific leukemia mortality in the United States, 1969-1977. Amer J Epid. 1983;117(2):140-152. 692. Semenciw RM, Morrison HI, Riedel D, Wilkins K, Ritter L, Mao Y. Multiple myeloma mortality and agricultural practices in the prairie provinces of Canada. JOM. 1993;35(6):557-561. 693. Severson RK. Cigarette smoking and leukemia. Cancer. 1987;60:141-144. 694. Severson RK and Linet MS. Does cigarette smoking lead to the subsequent development of leukemia? Archives of Internal Medicine. 1993;153:425-427. 695. Shallenberger LG, Acquavella JF, Donaleski D. An updated mortality study of workers in three major United States refineries and chemical plants. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1992;49:345-354. 696. Sherwood RJ. Pharmacokinetics of benzene in a human after exposure at about the permissible limit. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;534:635-647. 697. Sherwood RJ and Sinclair GC. New PBPK model applied to old occupational exposure to benzene. AIHAJ. 1999;60:259-265. 33 698. Shu XO, Gao YT et al. A population based case control study of childhood leukemia in Shanghai. Cancer. 1988;62:635-644. 699. Siegel M. Smoking and leukemia: evaluation of a causal hypothesis. Amer J Epid. 1993;138:1-9. 700. Siemiatycki J, Dewar R et al. Associations between several sites of cancer and twelve petroleum-derived liquids. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1987;13:493-504. 701. Siemiatycki J. Commentary: Epidemiology on the side of the angels. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31(5):1027-1029. 702. Siemiatycki J. Risk Factors for Cancer in the Workplace. Boca Raton, FL (USA): CRC Press, 1991. 703. Silver SR, Rinsky RA et al. Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: a longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort. Am J Ind Med. 2002;42(6):481-489. 704. Sinclair GC, Gray CN, Sherwood RJ. Structure and validation of a pharmacokinetic model for benzene. AIHAJ. 1999;60:249-258. 705. Smith MT, Wiemels J et al. Chemical exposure, ras oncogene activation, and acute myeloid leukemia. JNCI. 1992;84:1614-1645. 706. Smith MT. Overview of benzene-induced aplastic anaemia. European Journal of Haematology. 1996;57:107110. 707. Smith MT. The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia: a hypothesis and speculations on the causes of leukemia. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1219-1225. 708. Smith MT and Fanning EW. Report on the workshop entitled: "Modeling chemically induced leukemiaimplications for benzene risk assessment." Leuk Res. 1997;21:361-374. 709. Smith MT and Zhang L. Biomarkers of leukemia risk: benzene as a model. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1998;106(Suppl 4):937-946. 710. Smith MT, Zhang L et al. Increased translocations and aneusomy in chromosomes 8 and 21 among workers exposed to benzene. Cancer Research. 1998;58:2176-2181. 711. Smith MT, Skibola CF et al. Causal models of leukaemia and lymphoma. IARC Sci Publ. 2004;(157):373392. 712. Smith MT, Jones RM, Smith AH. Benzene exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:385-91. 713. Smith PR and Lickiss JN. Benzene and lymphomas. Lancet. 1980;1(8170):719. 714. Smith TJ, Hammond SK, Wong O. Health effects of gasoline exposure. I. Exposure assessment for US distribution workers. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(suppl. 6):13-21. 715. Snyder R and Kocsis JJ. Current concepts of chronic benzene toxicity. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 1975;265-288. 716. Snyder R, Witz G, Goldstein BD. The toxicology of benzene. Environ Health Perspect. 1993;100:293-306. 717. Snyder R and Kalf GF. A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 1994;24(3):177-209. 718. Snyder R and Hedli CC. An overview of benzene metabolism. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(Supplement 6):1165-1171. 719. Snyder R. Overview of the toxicology of benzene. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000;61:339-346. 720. Snyder R. Benzene and leukemia. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2002;32(3):155-210. 721. Sonoda T, Nagata Y et al. Meta-analysis of multiple myeloma and benzene exposure. J Epidemiol. 2001;11(6):249-254. 722. Sonoda T, Ishida T, Mori M et al. A case-control study of multiple myeloma in Japan: association with occupational factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2005;6(1):33-36. 723. Sorahan T, Nichols L, Harrington JM. Mortality of United Kingdom oil refinery and petroleum distribution workers, 1951-1998. Occup Med. 2002;52(6):333-339. 724. Sorahan T, Kinlen LJ, Doll R. Cancer risks in a historical UK cohort of benzene exposed workers. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(4):231-236. 725. Sorahan T. Mortality of UK oil refinery and petroleum distribution workers, 1951-2003. Occup Med. 2007;57:177-185. 726. Speer SA, Semenza JC et al. Risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma: a combination of GIS and case-control studies. Journal of Environmental Health. 2002;64:9-16. 727. Spirtas R, Stewart PA et al. Retrospective cohort mortality study of workers at an aircraft maintenance facility. I. Epidemiological results. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1991;48:515-530. 728. Srbova J, Teisinger J, Skramovsky S. Absorption and elimination of inhaled benzene in man. Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med. 1950;2:1-8. 34 729. Steenland K and Palu S. Cohort mortality study of 57,000 painters and other union members: a 15 year update. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1999;56:315-321. 730. Steffen C, Auclerc MF et al. Acute childhood leukaemia and environmental exposure to potential sources of benzene and other hydrocarbons; a case-control study. Occup Environ Med. 2004;61:773-778. 731. Steinmaus C, Smith AH, Jones RM, Smith MT. Meta-analysis of benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: biases could mask an important association. Occup Environ Med. 2008;65(6):371-378. 732. Stewart PA, Lee JS et al. Retrospective cohort mortality study of workers at an aircraft maintenance facility. II. Exposures and their assessment. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1991;48:531-537. 733. Stillman WS, Varella-Garcia M, Gruntmeir JJ, Irons RD. The benzene metabolite, hydroquinone, induces dose-dependent hypoploidy in a human cell line. Leukemia. 1997;11(9):1540-1545. 734. Stillman WS, Varella-Garcia M, Irons RD. The benzene metabolites hydroquinone and catechol act in synergy to induce dose-dependent hypoploidy and -5q31 in a human cell line. Leuk Lymphoma. 1999;35(34):269-281. 735. Stillman WS, Varella-Garcia M, Irons RD. The benzene metabolite, hydroquinone, selectively induces 5q31and -7 in human CD34+CD19- bone marrow cells. Exp Hematol. 2000;28(2):169-176. 736. Strom SS, Gu Y, Gruschkus SK, Pierce SA, Estey EH. Risk factors of myelodysplastic syndromes: a casecontrol study. Leukemia. 2005;19(11):1912-1918. 737. Susten AS, Dames BL et al. Percutaneous penetration of benzene in hairless mice: an estimate of dermal absorption during tire-building operations. Amer J Indust Med. 1985;7:323-335. 738. Svensson B-G, Nise G et al. Deaths and tumours among rotogravure printers exposed to toluene. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1990;47:372-379. 739. Swaen GM, Slangen JM et al. Investigation of a cluster of ten cases of Hodgkin's disease in an occupational setting. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;68(4):224-228. 740. Swaen GM. Results of an epidemiologic study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incidence among Swedish petrol station attendants. Arch Environ Health. 1996;51(6):469-471. 741. Swaen GMH and Meijers JMM. Risk assessment of leukaemia and occupational exposure to benzene. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1989;46:826-830. 742. Swaen GMH, Scheffers T et al. Leukemia risk in caprolactam workers exposed to benzene. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:21-28. 743. Tabershaw/Cooper Associates, Inc. (1974) A mortality study of petroleum refinery workers. Project OH-1. September 15, 1974. Prepared for The American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C. 744. Tabershaw Occupational Medicine Associates, P.A. (1980) An historical prospective mortality study of workers potentially exposed to benzene and the lubricating-solvent units of the Gulf Port Arthur refinery. Presented to Gulf Oil Company 9/30/1980. 745. Talbott, E. O., Zborowski, J. V., Xu, X., Youk, A. O., Rager, J. R., and Rycheck, J. A. (2004) Overall and period-specific incidence of total leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in the combined area of Hazle Township and Hazleton, Pennsylvania affected by the Tranguch Gasoline Spill (1990 - 2001). I-9. Pittsburgh, PA, University of Pittsburgh. 746. Tarreeff EM, Kontchalovskaya NM, Zorina IA. Benzene leukemias. Acta UN Int Cancer. 1963;19:751-755. 747. Tatham L, Tolbert P, et al. Occupational risk factors for subgroups of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Epidemiology 1997 ;8(5):551-558. 748. Taylor JA, Sandler DP et al. ras oncogene activation and occupational exposures in acute myeloid leukemia. JNCI. 1992;84:1626-1632. 749. Teitelbaum DT, Brautbar N et al. Benzene and multiple myeloma: appraisal of the scientific evidence. Blood. 2000;95(9):2995-2996. 750. Terracini B. Development of environmental epidemiology in Latin America: scope, methodological issues, priorities. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34(2):485-487. 751. Terry PD et al. Occupation, hobbies, and acute leukemia in adults. Leuk Res. 2005;29:1117-30. 752. Terstegge CW, Swaen GM et al. Mortality patterns among commercial painters in the Netherlands. Int J Occup Environ Health. 1995;1:303-310. 753. Tharr DG. Benzene exposure and leukemia. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 1997;12(3):156-157. 754. Theriault G and Provencher S. Mortality study of oil refinery workers: five-year follow-up. JOM. 1987;29(4):357-360. 755. Theriault GP and Goulet L. A mortality study of oil refinery workers. JOM. 1979;21:367-370. 35 756. Third MIC Cooperative Study Group (1987): Morphologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic (MIC) working classification of the primary myelodysplastic syndromes and therapy-related myelodysplasias and leukemias. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1988;32:1-10. 757. Thirman MJ and Larson RA. Therapy-related myeloid leukemia. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 1996;10(2):293-320. 758. Thomas TL, Decoufle P, Moure-Eraso R. Mortality among workers employed in petroleum refining and petrochemical plants. JOM. 1980;22(2):97-104. 759. Thomas TL, Waxweiler RJ et al. Mortality patterns among workers in three Texas oil refineries. JOM. 1982;24:135-141. 760. Thomas TL, Waxweiler RJ et al. Cancer mortality patterns by work category in three Texas oil refineries. Amer J Indust Med. 1984;6:3-16. 761. Thomas X and Chelghoum Y. Cigarette smoking and acute leukemia. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2004;45(6):1103-1109. 762. Thompson JA, Carozza SE, Zhu Li. Geographic risk modeling of childhood cancer relative to county-level crops, hazardous air pollutants and population density characteristics in Texas. Environmental Health 2008;7:45. 763. Thorpe JJ. Epidemiologic survey of leukemia in persons potentially exposed to benzene. JOM. 1974;16:375382. 764. Tompa A, Jakab MG, Major J. Risk management among benzene-exposed oil refinery workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2005;208:509-516. 765. Tondel M, Persson B, Cartensen JM. Myelofibrosis and benzene exposure. Occupational Medicine. 1995;45(1):51-62. 766. Torres A, Giralt M, Raichs A. Coexistencia de antecedentes benzolicos cronicos y plasmocitoma multiple. Presentacion de dos casos. Sangre. 1970;15:275-279. 767. Townsend JC, Ott MG, Fishbeck WA. Health exam findings among individuals occupationally exposed to benzene. JOM. 1978;20(8):543-548. 768. Tranah GJ, Holly EA, Bracci PM. Solvent exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: no risk in a populationbased study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):3130-2. 769. Travis LB, Li CY et al. Hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Leuk Lymphoma. 1994;14(1-2):91-102. 770. Tsai SP, Wen CP et al. Retrospective mortality and medical surveillance studies of workers in benzene areas of refineries. JOM. 1983;25(9):685-692. 771. Tsai SP, Dowd CM et al. Morbidity patterns among employees at a petroleum refinery. JOM. 1991;33(10):1076-1080. 772. Tsai SP, Dowd CM et al. A prospective study of morbidity patterns in a petroleum refinery and chemical plant. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1992;49:516-522. 773. Tsai SP, Gilstrap EL et al. A cohort mortality study of two California refinery and petrochemical plants. JOM. 1993;35:415-421. 774. Tsai SP, Gilstrap EL et al. Long-term follow-up mortality study of petroleum refinery and chemical plant employees. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1996;29:75-87. 775. Tsai SP, Gilstrap EL et al. A mortality study of oil refinery and petrochemical employees. JOEM. 1997;39(5):448-454. 776. Tsai SP, Bennett JM et al. Medical surveillance for hematological disorders among active and retired oil refinery workers. JOEM. 1998;40(5):475-480. 777. Tsai SP, Wendt JK et al. A mortality and morbidity study of refinery and petrochemical employees in Louisiana. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2003;60:627-633. 778. Tsai SP, Chen VW et al. Cancer incidence among refinery and petrochemical employees in Louisiana, 19831999. 2004;14:722-730. 779. Tsai SP, Cardarelli KM et al. Mortality patterns among residents in Louisiana's industrial corrider, USA, 1970-99. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2004;61:295-304. 780. Tsai SP et al. A 56-year mortality follow-up of Texas petroleum refinery and chemical employees, 19482003. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 2007;49:557-67. 781. Turhan AG et al. Highly purified primitive hematopoietic stem cells are PML-RARA negative and generate nonclonal progenitors in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 1995;85:2154-61. 782. Tyroler HA, Andjelkovich DA et al. Chronic diseases in the rubber industry. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1976;17:13-20. 36 783. U.S. EPA. (1998, April 10) Carcinogenic effects of benzene: an update. Prepared by the National Center for Environmental Health, Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC. EPA/600/P-97/001F. 784. U.S. EPA. (2005, August 2) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Benzene. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html. 785. Utterback DF and Rinsky RA. Benzene exposure assessment in rubber hydrochloride workers: a critical evaluation of previous estimates. Am J Ind Med. 1995;27:661-676. 786. Vainiotalo S, Peltonen Y et al. Customer exposure to MTBE, TAME, C6 alkyl methyl ethers, and benzene during gasoline refueling. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1999;107(2):133-140. 787. Vainiotalo S, Ruonakangas A. Tank truck driver exposure to vapors from oxygenated or reformulated gasolines during loading and unloading. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1999;60:518-25. 788. Van den Berghe H, Louwagie A et al. Chromosome analysis in two unusual malignant blood disorders presumably induced by benzene. Blood. 1979;53(4):558-566. 789. van Leeuwen FE, Chorus AW et al. Leukemia risk following Hodgkin's disease: relation to cumulative dose of alkylating agents, treatment wtih teniposide combinations, number of episodes of chemotherapy, and bone marrow damage. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1994;12(5):1063-1073. 790. van Raalte HGS. A critical look at hazards from benzene in workplace and community air. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1982;2:67-76. 791. van Raalte HG and Grasso P. Hematological, myelotoxic, clastogenic, carcinogenic, and leukemogenic effects of benzene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1982;2(2):153-176. 792. Verma DK, Shaw DS, McLean JD. An evaluation of airborne concentrations of selected hydrocarbons at an oil refinery land reclamation operation. Ann Occup Hyg. 1992;36:307-315. 793. Verma DK, Julian JA, Bebee G, et al. Hydrocarbon exposures at petroleum bulk terminals and agencies. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1992;53:645-656. 794. Verma DK, Johnson DM et al. Benzene and total hydrocarbons in the downstream petroleum industries. AIHAJ. 2001;62:174-194. 795. Verma DK and des Trombe K. Benzene in gasoline and crude oil: occupational and environmental implications. AIHAJ. 2002;63:225-230. 796. Verma DK, Cheng WK, Shaw DS, et al. A simultaneous job- and task-based exposure evaluation of petroleum tanker drivers to benzene and total hydrocarbons. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2004;1:725-737. 797. Vermeulen R, Li G, Lan Q et al. Detailed exposure assessment for a molecular epidemiology study of benzene in two shoe factories in China. Ann Occup Hyg. 2004;48(2):105-116. 798. Vianna NJ and Polan A. Lymphomas and occupational benzene exposure. Lancet. 1979;1394-1395. 799. Vigliani EC and Saita G. Benzene and leukemia. NEJM. 1964;271(17):872-876. 800. Vigliani EC and Forni A. Benzene and leukemia. Environmental Research. 1976;11:122-127. 801. Vigliani EC. Leukemia associated with benzene exposure. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1976;271:143-151. 802. Vineis P, Avanzi GC et al. Cytogenetics and occupational exposure to solvents: a pilot study on leukemias and myelodysplastic disorders. Tumori. 1990;76:350-352. 803. Vineis P and Seniori CA. Italian multicentre case-control study of hematolymphopoietic malignancies. Med Lav. 1990;81(6):506-512. 804. Vineis P and Ciccone G. Solvent exposure and myelodysplastic syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990;16:444-445. 805. Vineis P, Miligi L, Seniori Costantini A on behalf of the Working Group. Exposure to solvents and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: clues on putative mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:381384. 806. Von Behren J, Reynolds P, Gunier RB, et al. Residential traffic density and childhood leukemia risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(9):2298-2301. 807. Waddell WJ. Reality versus extrapolation: an academic perspective of cancer risk regulation. Drug Metabolism Reviews. 1996;28:181-195. 808. Waidyanatha S, Rothman N et al. Urinary benzene as a biomarker of exposure among occupationally exposed and unexposed subjects. Carcinogenesis. 2001;22(2):279-286. 809. Walker JT, Bloom TF, Stern FB et al. Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993;19:89-95. 810. Wallace L, Pellizzari E et al. Exposure to benzene and other volatile compounds from active and passive smoking. Archives of Environmental Health. 1987;42:5:272-279. 811. Wallace L. Environmental exposure to benzene: an update. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(Sup.6):1129-1135. 37 812. Wallace LA. Major sources of benzene exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 1989;82:165-169. 813. Wallace LA, Nelson WC et al. Uptake and decay of volatile organic compounds at environmental concentrations: application of a four-compartment model to a chamber study of five human subjects. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1997;7(2):141-163. 814. Wang R, Zhang Y, Lan Q, et al. Occupational exposure to solvents and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Connecticut women. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169(2):176-85. 815. Ward E, Hornung R et al. Risk of low red or white blood cell count related to estimated benzene exposure in rubberworker cohort (1940-1975). Amer J Indust Med. 1996;29:247-257. 816. Waxweiler RJ, Alexander V et al. Mortality from brain tumor and other causes in a cohort of petrochemical workers. JNCI. 1983;70:75-81. 817. Weed DL. Meta-analysis and causal inference: a case study of benzene and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Epidemiol 2010;20:347-355. 818. Weiai W. Occupational cancer epidemiology in the People's Republic of China. JOM. 1988;30(12):968-974. 819. Wiebelt H, Becker N. 1999. Mortality in a cohort of toluene exposed employees (rotogravure printing plant workers). JOEM 41:1134-1139. 820. Weisenburger DD. Environmental epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Eastern Nebraska. Amer J Indust Med. 1990;18:303-305. 821. Wen CP, Wong O et al. Epidemiology of refinery workers with solvent-related exposures. Presented at the 11th Conference on Environmental Toxicology, Dayton, Ohio, 11/9/1980. 822. Wen CP, Tsai SP et al. Long-term mortality study of oil refinery workers I. Mortality of hourly and salaried workers. Amer J Epid. 1983;118:526-542. 823. Wen CP, Tsai SP et al. Long-term mortality of oil refinery workers. II. Comparison of the experience of active, terminated and retired workers. JOM. 1984;26:118-127. 824. Wen CP, Tsai SP et al. Long-term mortality of oil refinery workers. IV. Exposure to the lubricating-dewaxing process. JNCI. 1985;74:11-18. 825. Weng H-H, Tsai S-S, Chiu H-F, et al. 2009. Childhood leukemia and traffic air pollution in Taiwan: petrol station density as an indicator. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 2009;72: 83-87. 826. West RR, Stafford DA et al. Occupational and environmental exposures and myelodysplasia: a case-control study. Leukemia Research. 1995;19(2):127-139. 827. West RR and Stafford DA. Occupational exposures and haematological abnormalities among ordnance factory workers: a case control study. Leukemia Research. 1997;21(7):675-680. 828. White MC, Infante PF, Walker BJ. Occupational exposure to benzene: a review of carcinogenic and related health effects following the U.S. Supreme Court decision. Amer J Indust Med. 1980;1:233-243. 829. White MC, Infante PF, Chu KC. A quantitative estimate of leukemia mortality associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Risk Analysis. 1982;2(3):195-204. 830. Whitworth KW, Symanski E, Coker AL. Childhood lymphohematopoietic cancer incidence and hazardous air pollutants in Southeast Texas, 1995-2004. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(11):1576-1580. 831. Wiebelt H and Becker N. Mortality in a cohort of toluene exposed employees (rotogravure printing plant workers). JOEM. 1999;41(12):1134-1139. 832. Wigle DT, Arbuckle TE, Turner MC, et al. 2008. Epidemiologic evidence of relationships between reproductive and child health outcomes and environmental chemical contaminants. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 2008;11:373-517. 833. Wilcosky TC, Checkoway H et al. Cancer mortality and solvent exposures in the rubber industry. AIHAJ. 1984;45(12):809-811. 834. Wilkinson P, Thakrar B, Walls P, et al. Lymphohaematopoietic malignancy around all industrial complexes that include major oil refineries in Great Britain. Occup Environ Med 1999;56:577-80. 835. Williams PR, Robinson K, Paustenbach DJ. Benzene exposures associated with tasks performed on marine vessels (circa 1975 to 2000). J Occup Environ Hyg. 2005;2(11):586-599. 836. Williams PR, Panko JM, Unice K, Brown JL, Paustenbach DJ. Occupational exposures associated with petroleum-derived products containing trace levels of benzene. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2008;5(9):565-574. 837. Williams PRD and Paustenbach DJ. Reconstruction of benzene exposure for the Pliofilm cohort (1936-1976) using Monte Carlo techniques. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2003;66:677-781. 838. Williams PRD, Knutsen JS et al. Airborne concentrations of benzene associated with the historical use of some formulations of Liquid Wrench. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2007;4:547-561. 839. Williams RR, Stegens NL, Goldsmith JR. Associations of cancer and type with occupation and industry from the Third National Cancer Survey interview. Journal of National Cancer Institute. 1977;59:4:1147-1185. 38 840. Williamson PJ, Kruger AR et al. Establishing the incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome. British Journal of Haematology. 1994;87:743-745. 841. Winchester RV, Madjar VM. Solvent effects on workers in the paint, adhesive and printing industries. Ann Occup Hyg. 1986;30:307-317. 842. Wixtrom RN and Brown SL. Individual and population exposures to gasoline. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1992;2(1):23-78. 843. Wojiski S et al. PML-RARalpha initiates leukemia by conferring properties of self-renewal to committed promyelocytic progenitors. Leukemia. 2009. 844. Wolf PH, Andjelkovich D, Smith A, Tyroler H. A case-control study of leukemia in the U.S. rubber industry. JOM. 1981;23(2):103-108. 845. Wolff SP. Correlation between car ownership and leukaemia: is non-occupational exposure to benzene from petrol and motor vehicle exhaust a causative factor in leukaemia and lymphoma. Experientia. 1992;48(301):304. 846. Wong O, Morgan RW et al. An epidemiological study of petroleum refinery employees. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1986;43:6-17. 847. Wong O. An industry wide mortality study of chemical workers occupationally exposed to benzene -- I. General results. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1987;44:365-381. 848. Wong O. An industry wide mortality study of chemical workers occupationally exposed to benzene -- II. Dose response analyses. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1987;44:382-395. 849. Wong O and Raabe GK. Critical review of cancer epidemiology in petroleum industry employees with a quantative meta-analysis by cancer site. Amer J Indust Med. 1989;15:283-310. 850. Wong O, Harris F, Smith TJ. Health effects of gasoline exposure. Mortality patterns of distribution workers in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1993;101(Suppl 6):63-76. 851. Wong O. Risk of myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene - reply. British Journal Industrial Medicine. 1993;53:357-358. 852. Wong O and Raabe GK. Cell-type specific leukemia analyses in a combined cohort of more than 208,000 petroleum workers in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1937-1989. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995;21(21):307-321. 853. Wong O. Risk of acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1995;52:380-384. 854. Wong O and Raabe GK. Multiple myeloma and benzene exposure in a multinational cohort of more than 250,000 petroleum workers. Toxicology and Pharmacology. 1997;26:188-199. 855. Wong O. Re: Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China. JNCI. 1998;90(6):469-471. 856. Wong O. A critique of the exposure assessment in the epidemiologic study of benzene-exposed workers in China conducted by the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine and the US National Cancer Institute. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999;30(3):259-267. 857. Wong O, Trent LS, Harris F. Nested case-control study of leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and kidney cancer in a cohort of petroleum workers exposed to gasoline. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 1999;56:217-221. 858. Wong O and Raabe GK. A review of cancer epidemiology in the petroleum industry, with a meta-analysis of a combined database of more than 350,000 workers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000;32:78-98. 859. Wong O and Raabe GK. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to benzene in a multinational cohort of more than 308,000 petroleum workers, 1937 to 1996. JOEM. 2000;42:554-568. 860. Wong O and Raabe GK. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and exposure to benzene in petroleum workers (response). JOEM. 2000;42(12):1134-1136. 861. Wong O, Harris F et al. An updated mortality study of workers at a petroleum refinery in Beaumont, Texas, 1945 to 1996. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43(4):384-401. 862. Wong O, Harris F, Rosamilia K, Raabe GK. Updated mortality study of workers at a petroleum refinery in Torrance, California, 1959 to 1997. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43(12):1089-1102. 863. Wong O. Use of administrative databases in occupational and environmental epidemiologic research. Ann Epidemiol. 2001;11(5):281-285. 864. Wong O and Fu H. Exposure to benzene and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, an epidemiologic overview and an ongoing case-control study in Shanghai. Chem Biol Interact. 2005;153-154:33-41. 39 865. Wong O, Harris F, Armstrong TW, Hua F. A hospital-based case-control study of acute myeloid leukemia in Shanghai: Analysis of environmental and occupational risk factors by subtypes of the WHO classification. Chem Biol Interact. 2009;article in press - doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.10.017. 866. Wong O, Harris F, Armstrong TW, Hua F. A hospital-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms in Shanghai: analysis of environmental and occupational risk factors by subtypes of the WHO classification. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2010;184:129-146. 867. Wongsrichanalai C, Delzell E, Cole P. Mortality from leukemia and other diseases among workers at a petroleum refinery. JOM. 1989;31:106-111. 868. World Health Organization. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4th Edition ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2008. 869. Wu W. Occupational cancer epidemiology in the People's Republic of China. JOM. 1988;30(12):968-974. 870. Xu CG, Zheng SP et al. A case-control study for assessing the relation between the incidence of malignant lymphomas and environmental factors in Sichuan province. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2003;24:8758. 871. Yang C, Zhang X. Incidence survey of leukemia in China. Chinese Medical Sciences Journal. 1991;6(2):6570. 872. Yang CY, Chiu HF, Chiu JF, et al. Cancer mortality and residence near petrochemical industries in Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997;50(3):265-73. 873. Yardley-Jones A, Anderson D, Parke DV. The toxicity of benzene and its metabolism and molecular pathology in human risk assessment. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1984;48:437-444. 874. Yardley-Jones A, Anderson D et al. Genotoxic effects in peripheral blood and urine of workers exposed to low level benzene. British Journal of Medicine. 1988;45:694-700. 875. Yin S, Li G-L et al. Leukamia in benzene workers: a retrospective cohort study. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1987;44:124-128. 876. Yin S, Li Q et al. Occupational exposure to benzene in China. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1987;44:192-195. 877. Yin S, Li G et al. Symptoms and signs of workers exposed to benzene, toluene or the combination. Ind Health. 1987;25:113-130. 878. Yin S, Li G-L et al. A retrospective cohort study of leukemia and other cancers in benzene workers. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1989;82:207-213. 879. Yin S, Linet MS et al. Cohort study among workers exposed to benzene in China: I. general methods and resources. Amer J Indust Med. 1994;26:383-400. 880. Yin S, Hayes RB et al. A cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China: overall results. Amer J Indust Med. 1996;29:227-235. 881. Yin SN, Hayes RB et al. An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1339-41. 882. Young N. Benzene and lymphoma. Amer J Indust Med. 1989;15:495-498. 883. Yu CL, Wang SF, Pan PC, et al. Residential exposure to petrochemicals and the risk of leukemia : using geographic information system tools to estimate individual-level residential exposure. Am J Epidemiol 2006 ;164 :200-207. 884. Yu R and Weisel CP. Measurement of benzene in human breath associated with an environmental exposure. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1996;6:261-277. 885. Zhang L, Rothman N et al. Interphase cytogenetics of workers exposed to benzene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1996;104(Suppl 6):1325-1329. 886. Zhang L, Wang Y et al. Benzene metabolites induce the loss and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in human lymphocytes. Leukemia Research. 1998;22:105-113. 887. Zhang L, Rothman N et al. Increased aneusomy and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in the lymphocytes of Chinese workers exposed to benzene. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(11):1955-1961. 888. Zhang L, Rothman N et al. Aberrations in chromosomes associated with lymphoma and therapy-related leukemia in benzene-exposed workers. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 2007;48. (article in press) 889. Zhao Y, Krishnadasan A et al. Estimated effects of solvents and mineral oils on cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of aerospace workers. Am J Ind Med. 2005;48(4):249-258. 890. Zheng T, Blair A, Zhang Y, Weisenburger DD, Zahm SH. Occupation and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44(5):469-474. 891. Zoloth SR, Michaels DM et al. Patterns of mortality among commercial pressmen. JNCI. 1986;76:1047-1051. 40