Document rxmKMr86MRJd93JoVxdZpg2oG

FILE NAME: Shipbuilders Council of America (SHIP) DATE: 1972 Jan 18 DOC#: SHIP029 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Mt. Sinai Draft Report - Recommended Practices for Control of Asbestos Dust in Shipbuilding, Ship Repair & Shipbreaking RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR CONTROL OF ASBESTOS DUST IN SHIPBUILDING, SHIPREPAiR AND SHIPBREAKING I Duncan A. Holaday, Chairman Ad-Hoc Committee Envi ronmental Sciences Laboratory Mount Sinai School of Medicine of The City U n iv e r s it y of New York DRAFT January 18, 1972 PLAINTIFF'S .B V U I*DiI!-T1 8fc v , ; r:- -s . m m m..w--- !8 i-' ' - J I . Introductlon Much of the equipment i n s t a l l e d in ships requires thermal .insulation. Because of i t s d esir ab le and, in some cases in4ispensable, propertie s, asbestos is widely used as a component of insulating m a te r ia ls . Applying,' remov ing or handling in sula tio n can produce airborne dust which contaminates the workroom a i r . Inhalation of asbestos f i bers may cause serious disease in those exposed. Many studies have found that cases of asbestos i s , lung cancer and pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma have occurred f o l lowing exposure to airborne asbestos f i b e r s . These d i s eases u s u a lly do not become manifest u n t il many years a f t e r f i r s t exposure. Cases of asbestos diseases have been reported in men who are not u s u a lly considered to be asbestos workers. P i p e f i t t e r s , steamf i t t e r s , boilermakers, welders and shot b l a s t e r s , ' for example, may remove insulation in the course .of t h e i r work. Members of these and other trades who work in the areas .where in sula tio n is being applied or removed are p o t e n t i a lly exposed to airborne asbestos dust. A l though these exposures are int erm ittent, they may be s i g nificant. Dusts other than asbestos, such as some forms of diatomaceous earth, may als o be important in producing pneumocon ioses. However, le s s Is known o f . t h e hazard which might 2 be created by such exposures as occur in shipyard work. The general goal in a l l insulation work must be to coh- i duct i t in accordance with a c o n t r o l 'program which min imizes exposures including those caused by b r i e f peak episodes. Achievement of t h is goal is p a r t i c u l a r l y necessary because of the uncertainties inherent In the present Threshold Limit Value {TLV) for asbestos which was adopt- * ed p rim a rily to prevent development of a s b e s to s is. Studies of the m orta lity experience of in s u la to rs , how ever, have shown that various forms of cancer are s i g nificant occupational diseases in this trade. Therefore, the only prudent course is to reduce dust exposures by a l l f e a s i b l e means. Measurements of atmospheric concen 1 tr ation s of asbestos fib e rs can be used to identify sources of contamination and to point out d e f i c ie n c ie s in control methods. Primary relian ce for control of ex posures, however, must be placed on f a it h f u l observance I of procedural rules. >i i i Although areas of r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w i ll d i f f e r from i yard to yard, one responsible person, perhaps the indus t r i a l hygie nist-or the s afety p ro fessio nal, should meet . with the work superintendent and the foreman to survey i the job before any work is sta rte d. The object of this i survey would be: ,to determine what dust problems might be created and to fcilan methods to control them. The report * ' * " * f >' r. i i i ........ y y.pw i*.-T? 3 should be made a v a i l a b l e to the cost estimators as well as those concerned for the day-to-day work schedule. Con t r o l s may increase costs but clean-up expenses may be re duced, and contractors should be aware of the procedures which they w i l l be required to follow. Operations which generate large amounts of dust include: 1. Rip-out of old insulation 2. Mixing asbestos mortar and dry cements 3. Cutting insulation material e it h e r on s i t e or in fa b rica tio n shops by hand or power tools 4. Blocking or hammering on block or pipe covering to seat material 5. Warehousing storage and transportation of material 6. Clean-up and waste handling. P a r t i c u l a r e f f o r t s should be made to control dust d i s persion during these operations both to reduce peak exposures and to prevent general contamination of the atmosphere of the work area. The following sections of th is manual discuss in detail procedures which have been found useful In reducing atmos pheric con tornina t ion by insula tion dusts, Those procedures have been assembled from research of our Laboratory and from several other sources, with major contributions made by the programs developed at the Puget Sound and Long Beach Nava? Shipyards. Add!tional Information Is given in NAVSH1P INST 5100.26: Asbestos Exposure Hazards; Control of, of Feb. 9, 19711 which describes the U.S. Navy d ir ec i tlv e s for working with asbestos. I l . Control of Asbestos-Containing Dusts by Use of S u b s t i tute Materials Sub stitution of m ate ria ls containing reduced proportions of asbestos or no asbestos a t a l l , is becoming more common in ship construction. Before a material is sub stituted for asbestos, certa in points must be c a r e f u l l y considered. From a health point of view, one must guard against that which has happened in other environmental s i t uations -- where in the d esir e to minimize use of a sub stance with some known hazard, an untested substance has been substituted which l a t e r turns out to be of the same or greater hazard. A second consideration must be: w i l l meet engineering s p e c i f i c a t i o n s and w i ll quately under conditions of use. the new material i t perform ade Materials containing reduced amounts of asbestos have been used in the following ap p lica tio n s ; A. Fibrous glass for blanket and pad f i l l i n g Amosite blanket covered with asbestos cloth is a standard material for making valve and flange 5 %V v i| ' ti i> . i i fi : 1 iI * pads. Substitution of the proper grade of fibrous g las s as a pad f i l l e r not only reduces asbestos dust during fabrication and' in sta l lation but als o tends t o , le s s e n the problems during subsequent '.'rip-outV. Asbestos cloth which has been treated with a dust suppressant is a v a i l a b l e and i t s use should .1so be encouraged. t i B. Pipe cohering and block with reduced asbestos content ' Over the years the manufacturers of calcium i . si 1icate' m aterials have been s t e a d i l y reducing the percentage of asbestos fiber in their material. Serious* consideration should be given to those products containing lower amounts of asbestos f i b e r . Several B r i t i s h firms have introduced asbestosfree calcium s i l i c a t e block and pipe covering. To date, however, th is material has not been adequately evaluated in the United States to determine how i t . w i l l perform in use. Several groups are a c t i v e l y working to develop s u b st itu t e materials and new products may be expected. 111. Reduction of Dust by Chances in Work Methods In many operations, changes In work p r a c t ic e s w i l l reduce dust dispersion very s i g n ! f i c a n t l y . A ll of the pro- !i I ! T" 6 cedures discussed in th is section have been u t i l i z e d and found to be e f f e c t i v e , A. Mixing Asbestos Mortar This operation has u s u a ll y been dons a t the jo b s i t e . While the time spent m mixing is quite short, considerable dust is produced. A tested method of control is to mix the mortar dockside in an exhaust ve n tila te d enclosure and package the mixed mortar in covered containers for tr ansporta tion to the job s i t e . Mortar is a v a i l a b l e packaged in several s i z e s of p l a s t i c bags which have a spout through which water i s introduced. S u f f i c i e n t water is added to moisten the mortar; -after premixing, the bag is opened and the remaining water added. The carton in which the bag is packaged serves as a mixing box and waste container. Either of these methods minimizes dust dispersion a t the job s i t e . One commercially a v a i l a b l e package is i l l u s t r a t e d in Figure 1. B, Pre-cutting pipe covering and block in the f a b r i cation shop * Hand-cutting of pipe covering and block should be kept to an absolute minimum. Bend s e c tio ns, pipe cover lengths and blocks should be cpt in the 7 fab ricatio n shop on exh aust-ventilated equipment. The procedure used at the Puget Sound Naval Ship yard is shown in Figure 2. Cut sections are dipped in water in a 55-gal Ion drum and then packed In - p l a s t i c bags which are labeled to id e n tif y the lo cation where they are to be used. This procedure insures that the cut sections are s t i l l damp and r e l a t i v e l y dust -fre e when they are applied. Gore breakage i s reduced and a l l parts of the bend are kept together. The p l a s t i c bags are also a v a i l able a t the job s i t e s for use in co lle ct in g -wastes. A ll blocks and pipe sections should als o be dipped before a p p lic a tio n . Puget Sound Naval Shipyard has found that t h i s procedure reduces dust disper sion by 50-60 per cent. C. Pre-scoring blocks insulation blocks should not be scored a t the job s i t e . Blocks which have been pre-scored by the manufacturer can be purchased, or standard blocks can be scored in the fab ricati on shop using an ex haust -ve ntila te d gong saw. Pre-scoring In the shops Insures good q u a lit y control of scoring depth. 0, Insulating pipe assemblies in the shop Some pipe assemblies are quite i n t r i c a t e and are troublesome to lag while In place. A s a t i s - i 8 factory method of doing these jo b s , p a r t i c u l a r l y during ship repair, which is employed by the Puget Sound Nava] Shipyard, is to remove the assembly in conveniently siz ed sections and transport them to' the shop. The work i s enclosed in an exhaustventilated p la s t ic tent, the old insulation re moved, any necessary repair of the pipes performed and the assembled section re-lagged. Not only is dust dispersion reduced, but i t is much more con- venient to re-lag the section in the shop than when i t Is place shipboard. Any insulation which is damaged during transport: and f i t t i n g Is repaired a f t e r the sections are in place. Pipe sections too large to bring Into the shop can be covered with temporary exhaust-ventilated p l a s t i c enclosures and worked on outside. E. Hand-cutting at job s i t e s Some hand-cutting at job s i t e s is unavoidable. However, dispersion of dusts by these operations can be minimized. Figure 3 i l l u s t r a t e s a portable down-draft table which is used by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. This table has folding legs so i t can be c a r r i e d down companionways and set up conven i e n t l y to the work. A small in d ustria l vacuum clean er is the source of exhaust. Scrap is dropped into a p l a s t i c bag and a disposable p l a s t i c drop- 9 cloth is placed on the deck under the equipment. Six mil polyvinyl ch lo ride sheet is s a t i s f a c t o r y . E l e c t r o s t a t i c charge on the sheet causes the dust to adhere to i t . At the end of the s h i f t , the sheet iis` folded up to contain the waste and placed in a p l a s t i c bag for disposal. A small down-draft i table fo,r use in cramped quarters can be constructed from a ive-ga1Ion can. A screen is f i t t e d over the open top and a tube soldered to the sid e near the bot>to; m. A small in d u s tr ia l vacuum cleaner is attached to the tube. These procedures r e s t r i c t hand-cutting work to r e l a t i v e l y small area s, reduce dust dispersion and f a c i l i t a t e clea'n-up. i Fabrication of Pads and Blankets Pads for valves and machinery should be f a b r i cated in the shop whenever th is is possib le . Amos i t e has been la rgely replaced by fibrous gla ss f i l l i n g with covers of asbestos cloth which has been treated with dust suppressants. Figure b i l l u s t r a t e s an e f f e c t i v e means for suppressing dust dispersion. The fibrous gla ss blanket is unrolled, dampened and r e - r o l l e d . This procedure insures that a l l the blanket w i l l be dampened. The blanket and asbestos clo th shapes are cut in the la t e r a l draft booth. Figure 5 i l l u s t r a t e s another system t* t I f l 1 1 ?* 10 4* for dampen inf) pad material before cu tting. As . . t h e r e is no la t e r a l d ra ft booth in th is shop* a l l i the operators wear r e s p ir a t o r s . G*. Housekeeping end Clean-up * i Esse ntial parts of a dust control program are housekeeping and clean-up procedures. Meticu$ J lous atte nti on must be given to measures for re s t r i c t i n g spread of dust and larger wastes. Figure 6 again shows use of a p l a s t i c dropcloth ji' i under aiiwork area and v i v i d l y i l l u s t r a t e s how much t t waste would be d is trib u te d over the general area i 1 or to lower d e c k s ' i f one were not used. Figure 7 shows use of an in d u s tr ia l vacuum'cleaner to c o l l e c t dust and small scrap. Areas should be cleaned ; up at the lunch break and the end of each s h i f t . * In a l l p o ss ib le instances, workmen should clean' up t h e i r own ar eas. Where work rules prohib it t h i s , the clean-up crew should be under the d irectio n and supervision of the in sula tio n foreman to insure that proper attention is given to th is important subject. ? T ~ m* iV. Reduction of Ousts by Use of Local Exhaust V entilati on A. V e ntilatio n of large power tools Band Saws Extensive use of band sews both in dockside f ab rication shops and, on larger ships such as a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r s , in the vessel I t s e l f , make emissions from band saws a major source of asbestos dust. Figure 8 shows the dust cloud which is produced by use of an un-controlled band saw. Con trol devices for such saws have been known for years and ar e r e l a t i v e l y simple. Conventional low v e l o c i t y , high volume systems using a negative pressure bag house for a i r cleaning are usuall y more p r a c t i c a l in a fixed or portable fab rication shop. A c o l l a p s i b l e umbrella type hood attached to a 4" or 5" f l e x i b l e hood can be positioned clo s e to the work to i n crease e ffectiv en ess of the col 1ection system. Figure 9 shows use of a simple device which i s very e f f e c t i v e in c o lle c t in g dust produced during cutting of large diameter pipes. Because some degree of p o r t a b i l i t y is required in a tem porary shipboard fabri cati on area, a high v e l o c i t y , low v o l ume dust c o lle c t io n unit is desir able for such use. In Figure 10, a band saw equipped with th is system is shown in use. In Figure 11, the table top has been removed to show the pick-up hood and duct. The a i r mover is an industrial vacuum cleaner which p u lls a i r past the saw blade at a v e l o c i t y of over 10,000 feet per minute. This system is a very e f f i c i e n t dust c o l l e c t o r . Units such as t h is can also be de signed to control dusts produced by table saws. 12 % : B. Ve ntilation of Hand Power Tools High v e l o c i t y , low volume c o lle c t io n systems control dust emissions from most small power tools adequate ly. Saber saws for cutting pipe covering and rotary saws for cutting asbestos cement board are well cont rolled with these systems. Figure 12 shows a saber saw equipped with this system In use. It is apparent that l i t t l e dust is es ii caping. Small in d u s tr ia l vacuum clean ers can be used as the source of exhaust. V. Reduction of Dust by General Exhaust Ve ntilati on In addition to use of dust suppression procedures, compartments and other enclosed areas w i l l require general ex haust v e n t ila tio n to prevent the gradual build-up of asbestos dust in the workroom atmosphere. The exhaust must be d i s charged to the outside a i r through an a i r cleaner. \ A. Genera] Exhaust V e n tila tio n of Ship Compartments Large a i r movers (10,000 cfm or more) can be placed on the deck and large diameter trunk l i n e s threaded through hatches. Smaller f l e x i b l e ducts can be led from the trunk lines to the areas requiring v e n t i l a tion, Provisions must be made for admitting make-up a i r to the v e n t ila te d space in such a manner that a i r flow sweeps the comparonent. The Manual of Recommended Prac t i c e s for V e n tila tio n o f Coating and Surface Preparation Operations which was prepared by the Shipbuilding Depart zrvrr i 4 men supplied with proper p ro te ctiv e equipment should always be used for rip-out work and it .s h o u ld be scheduled for rapid completion. VI 1. Personal Protect! ve qu ipmant' In addition to dust suppression and dust control procedures, personal p ro tect ive equipment is often necessary to reduce exposure and l i m i t the spread of contamination. The equipment described below is used in control programs. A. Protective Clothing Protective clothing is required to prevent spread of contamination beyond work ar eas. One method is to issue disposable c o v e r a l ls which can be removed when leaving the work area or some time p rio r to enter ing the locker room and placed in p l a s t i c bags for d i s posal. A s a tis f a c t o r y type of protective clothing con s i s t s of resin impregnated paper c o v e r a l l s . These are inexpensive, readily disposable, prevent spreading con tamination to laundries and eliminate pilferage. They a r c worn for one s h i f t , then removed and placed in p l a s t i c bags for disposal with other asbestos-containing . wastes. These coveralls provide s u f f i c i e n t protection for a l l but extreme conditions, B. Respiratory protective equipment Even i f dust suppression and dust control procedures are used, some operations generate so much 4 15 i $ dust that i t is impractical to maintain s a t i s f a c t o r y a t l mospheric concentrations of asbestos f ib e rs and 'respir atory protection must be provided to the workers, A l j v a r i e t y of res p ira to rs ar e a v a i l a b l e which are suit a ble i\j for various s it u a t io n s involving exposure to asbestos. * i I t is emphasized that u n s a t is f a c t o r y amounts of r e s p i r j1i * able dust can be present in the a i r even though condi ! tions a r e not v i s i b l y dusty. The f i n e p a r t i c l e s which t ! can be inhaled s e t t l e siov/ly and w i l l r&nain in the a i r fo r some time a f t e r dust-dispersing work has ceased and i. the a i r is apparently c le a r. C la r it y of vision is not a good in dic ato r of the absence of resp ir able p a r t i c l e s . 1. A ir- s u p p lie d Respirators Extremely dusty jo bs, such as rip-out of old insula tion where dust, concentrations are very high, require use of a ir - s u p p l ie d respira tors which w i l l d e l i v e r clean, dust-`free a i r to a facepiece or 1 hood. Two general types, are a v a i l a b l e : a i r - l i n e and self-powered. a. A i r - l i n e res p ir a to rs in which a i r is supplied to a hood, helmet or facepiece give the greatest de gree of protection. Air' Is fed to the facepiece from a compressed a i r - l i n e . The q uality of the sup p lie d a i r must meet ap p lica ble s ta te or federal reg ula tio n s. I f the source is not s p e c i f i c a l l y designed for breathing-purposes, a temperature sensing alarm T**T  must be i n s t a l l e d on the compressor or a carbon I monoxide monitoring device must be in s t a lle d in the s i r - l i n e . A n ti- f re e z e compounds should not be * J-' -used in tjp$ compressor system; water vapor must be removed by dessicants and o i l mists be removed 1 /v>&***!+*---.J L : a-v<i **'r by a f i l t e r . ^ ' Figure 13 shows an inexpensive pia s- t i c , disposable hood developed by the Puget Sound * Naval Shipyard for s it u a t io n s where a very high degree o f jp ro te ctio n i s required. This hoed is available<commercial]y. The a i r - l i n e should be fastened to the hood with a quick-disconnect f i t ting. : b. A i r - l i n e r esp ir a to rs connected to a com pressed a i r supply impose lim it a tio n s on movement, and th is li m it a tio n can be troublesome. Self-pow ered res p ir a to rs do not impose such lim it a t i o n s , but do add to the equipment which the workman must ca r ry and a ls o require careful maintenance. Bat t e r i e s must be recharged d a i l y , f i l t e r s replaced and other maintenance done routinely. Workmen usu a l l y prefer these devices to a i r - l i n e respirators. 2. P a r t i c u la t e - fi I terlnq 'reap? rators There are several types of p e r t i c u l a t e - f i 1t a r ing r e s p ir a to r s . Those equipped with a half-mask facepiece are co nsidered-suitable for use by in s ula to rs. Only those approved for protection ag ainst pneumoconiosis and 17 fi brosis-producing dusts by the U.S. Bureau of Hines should be used. These devices are Recommended for pro tection in those s it u a t io n s where the atmospheric con centration of asbestos f ib e r s is a t r e l a t i v e l y low l e v e l s . ' Workmen w i l l not wear r e s p ira to rs a l l of the time during which they ar e exposed and t h is fact must be taken into account when r e s p ira to rs are used to re duce exposures. A ll the recommendations for respi r a t o r - f I t t l n g , train ing of workmen and maintenance, d etaile d in Z83.2-1971 -? /<!-> 'Z-r should be followed. a. Reusable p articu late -f M terir.q respirators A variety of reusable particulate-f i i tar ing res p ira to rs are a v a i l a b l e . To insure proper f i t ti ng, several d if f e r e n t makes should be a v a ila b le from which the workman can s e l e c t one. No one model respirator facepiece w ill' f i t a ll faces. Routine maintenance is ab solutely necessary to replace clogged f i l t e r s and leaking inhalation or exhalation v alv es. Poorly maintained respirators produce a fa ls a sense of security. b. Single-use p a r t i c u l a t e - f i Iterino resp irato rs Operation of an adequate r e s p ira to r main tenance program can.be troublesome and, i f only a few 13 men are involved, impractical. Single-use r e s p i r ators are a v a i l a b l e which are designed to be worn for no longer than one s h i f t and then discarded. Inherently, these devices are not as rugged as a 'reusable re s p ira to r and no attempt should be made to use them longer than one s h i f t . As with any r e s p ir a t o r , a training "prog ram i s required to in sure that they are properly f i t t e d and used. V I I I * Education and Training No dust control program can be e f f e c t i v e unless workmen and supervisors understand the hazards associated with the jobs, the sources of the hazards and the reasons for following recommended procedures c a r e f u l l y . Understand ing is only obtained by education of personnel ana training in correct operating procedures and changed work p ra c tic e s . For an education and tr ainin g program to be s ucce ssful, both management and labor must be concerned and p a r t ic ip a t e . As with a l l safety programs, i t is e ss e n tia l that f i r s t - l i n e { supervisors be interested in and cooperate in the work. The program must be evaluated o cca s io n a lly and refresher training given. p ' l * The harmful e f f e c t s of neglect or improper procedures for co ntro llin g asbqstos dust are not apparent for many years. Vi i i . : Therefore, i t is more d i f f i c u l t to convince workmen of the i 1 13 n e ce ssit y of following rules for working with insulating mat e r i a l s than i f physical hazards were involved. However, those shipyards which conduct education' and training pro grams report good success. Education in hazards associated with use of insu lating m ate ria ls and instructio n in co rre ct work p ra c tice s should be included in apprentice training programs. For the time being, however, train ing and education must be done at the shipyards. This must be a continuing program and should include not only insulation workmen, but others who may o c c a s io n a ll y work with in sulation m a te ria ls . C'\ I 20 V : lX. iMedical Program v Medical s u r v e i l l a n c e of the .shipyard workforce is an e s s e n t i a l part of the hygiene program. However, be cause o f the long period (years) between onset of exposure and f i r s t evidence of disease, such s u r v e i l l a n c e is an un r e l i a b l e guide to the e f f i c a c y of a control program. Ab no rm alitie s which might be found are evidence of the over s ig h ts and inadequacies of the past, while the s u i t a b i l i t y of curre nt p r a c t i c e would only be r e f le c te d in the c l i n i cal findings of even decades hence. This c o n s train t makes a l l the more necessary c a r e f u l , constant, and d i l i g e n t a t tention to a l l engineering phases of the hygiene problem. On the other hand, a medical program can be of value to the workforce. Should abnormalities be found, appropriate treatment can be rapidly undertaken; in other instances, modification of work s t r e s s can be arranged. The special hazard of c i g a r e t t e smoking can be reviewed with these men who have t h i s habit (lung cancer seems not to be g re a tly increased among asbestos-exposed workmen except with such smoking h i s t o r y ; they have a r i s k much greater than that of c i g a r e t t e smokers in g eneral) . A ls o , there is some e v i dence that lung scarring also Is exaggerated with smoking.. While the medical program may vary with ci rcumscances, i t should at least include chest X-ray, blood count to elim inate anemia, pulmonary function estimation ( a simple v i t a l cap ac ity t e s t , e a s i l y and rapidly done, u s u a lly suf f i c e s ) , c l i n i c a l examination of the lungs, and a careful VI*- 20a % review of p ert in ent symptoms. Examination once a year s u f f i c e s 1for the younger men (with le s s than 15 years in the tr ade); a f t e r t h i s point, examination every s i x months i s p re f e r a b le , e s p e c i a l l y for men with a h i s t o r y of c i g a r e t t e smoking. 21 X. Waste Control / * Wastes must be co lle ct e d and disposed of promptly to prevent dispersion of dusts throughout the work area. Some recommendations for c o l l e c t i n g and containing wastes have been given in preceding s e c tio ns. Additional measures for handling and disposing of wastes are l i s t e d below. 1. A l l used f;i I t e r s from v e n t i l a t i n g , dust c o lle c t in g * i or cleaning'equipment should be treated as asbestos / wastes. r 2. Wastes should be contained In p l a s t i c bags or other impervious'containers for handling, stock piling snd/or transportation. y , 3. ' Wastes should not be permitted to accumulate, but i should be taken to the f in a l disposal s i t e as soon as p o ss ib le . Final disposal should be in accordance with applicable regulations, i k. Exposures of waste handlers should be evaluated and, i f indicated, they should wear re s p ira to rs . X I , Procedures for evaluation of atmospheric concentraCions of asbestos dust A ir sampling procedures and laboratory methods for evalu ating samples should conform to 'i'hose s p e c i f ie d in U.S. Dept, of Labor regulations. S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 1 High temperature mortar, packed jin p l a s t i c bag. Water is added to bag through spout and mortar moistened before opening. The moistened mortar i s removed as required and mixing completed in shipping container. A l l wastes are placed in container and sent to disposal a t end o f s h i f t . Photo courtesy Insulatio n Industry Hygiene i Program. 5 I-' 1 1 i ' rr S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 2 s Procedure used a t Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for handling bend s e c tio ns. Sections are cut in f a b ric a tio n shop, dipped in water and placed in p l a s t i c bag. The bag is then labelled with the j o b - s i t e description. S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 3 iPortable down-draft table developed by Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for use shipboard. Liejb't weight in d u s tr ia l vacuum cleaner used as ai r mover. Note p l a s t i c bag for scrap * and 'dropcloth on deck. ii 1i ii i , i ' . ' ..*. , i. r i , " ' j i . <. - a . S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 4 Dampening fibrous glass blanket f i l l e r before cutting. Note la t e ra l d raft hood in which fab ricati on is done. This procedure .is used at.'Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, ? f I . ' ` Vi L< i I i; r; h r 1 W '1-J" .1 Figure 5 S h ip y a r d Manual ft* . I Fabrication of pads a t Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Fibrous g la s s f i l l e r is dampened before cutting. As no l a t e r a l d ra ft hood i s a v a i l a b l e , a l l operators wear r e s p ir a t o r s . 1 > i f( I .'O r i *. , i \4. S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 7 f J Use of small in d u s tr ia l vacuum cleaner for clean-up. Photo courtesy of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. .'V <* \ S h ip y a rd Manual * % - ' | Figure 8 * - Oust produced by use of an unventilatad band saw. Without the back lighting used here, much of the dust would not be visible. Photo courtesy insulation industry Hygiene Research Program. S h ip y a rd Manual Figure 9 1 Dust c o l l e c t i o n system for cutting 1 .r diameter pipe se c tio n s . A i r is exha ^ from the end of the pipe f a r t h e s t fr cut. Photo courtesy Insulatio n Industry H Research Program. 4 u ih j h i w y S h ip y a rd Manual F ig u r e 10- \ Cutting pipe with Band saw equipped with hig h - v e lo city , low-volume exhaust system. Compare dust produced with that shown in .Figure 8. Photo courtesy Insulation industry Hygiene Research Program. T 'MT S h ip y a rd Manual ) * Sr 1 i Figure 11 ' t i i \ I Dust c o lle c t io n port and duct in s t a lle d on i 1 F o rrest band saw whose use is shown in j Figure 10. Duct connects to Hoffman * ii in d u s tria l vacuum cle a n e r. ii -l ti Photo courtesy in su la tio n industry Hygiene m Research Program. t 1 4 i i i (I i 1 i iii w r j h ' S h ip y a rd Manual F ig u r e 12 Saber sew equipped wi th h ig h -v e lo c ity , low-volume exhaust system. 7V*''1 Photo courtesy insulatio n Industry Hygiene Research Program. rr f! i' i j i S h ip y a rd Manual F j g u r e 13 .;i A ir-su p p lie d p l a s t i c hood developed Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Covera? are pulled over inner bib which hold? the hood in place t ig h t ly . T h is , or s im ila r equipment, is required for srcn operations as rip-out of old in s u la tl r, ) i I i \%i ij i iii i i i t win 1