Document NEQEroDVLO2BK2Jd87Y1LXqwV

- /" NT F OFf/CE COMMUNICATION To See Attached List .f'om c. W. Nickel, Employee Relations Subject PROPOSED ASBESTOS DUST CONTROL PROGRAM (Armstrong February 21, 1969 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ACS-332 This letter expresses my thoughts on this subjoct as to what action Armstrong Cork should take in the next decade. In this light, the proposed program is submitted to you for comment and criticism. I. Objectives A. No Armstrong employee be exposed to any level of asbostos dust greater than allowed in the "Threshold Limit Values, 1963, Notice of Intended Changes." A & (3 B. Employee exposure to asbestos dust be evaluated and monitored at least once every two years with accurate documentation. This tine period could eventually be lengthened a3 exporience dictates. Ultimately,, this would prevont asbosto3 dust becoming a potential source of lung cancor. Future litigations in court by employees are also minimized by this approach. C. No asbestos dust be allowed to pass beyond the perimeter of any plant location. This action could be of great benefit in defending future court actions from aggravated neighbors. II. Aecomolishnent A. All new and existing installations whoro asbestos fiber is used be monitored by a qualified industrial hygienist, and the exposure to all employees be well documented. B. Where tho exposure is over 2 million particles per cubic foot, (as counted by the standard impingcr light field count techniquo) ventilation changes bo mado to the system to bring tho exposuro within tho standard. C. Evaluation of all plant asbestos dust exposuro be repeated, at loaot once overy two years. iXxO Attachod List -2- February 21, 1969 D. All neu installations involving asboston fiber be so vontilated and designed that no aobostos dust can reach beyond the outside perimeter of any plant as,air-borne particles. One recognized method to accomplish this, is tho use of vot collectors instead of using dry collectors or venting directly into the atmosphere. E. Existing installations presently using asbestos fiber be modified within two yoar3 so that no asbestos dust from these processes can reach beyond the outside poriooter of any plant as air-borne particles. Attached is an article from the New Yorker that has receivod wide-spread circulation concerning this subject. Tho new Waloh-Healey Health and Safety Regulation (new effective data, Hay 17, 1969) also specifies the some standard for exposure as mentioned in II, B above. Would you please return your comments on this proposed program to me by March 21. Thank you. PAE:SAH Enclosure J. Liddell, AC&S E. P. Davidson, Bldg & Ind Prod Opr J. L. Jones, Jr., Cpt Opr J. R. McCray, FI Prod Opr M. D. Ford, Tech Serv F. B. Monger, Res & Dev Ctr J. P. Holloway, Cent Eng V. L. Hughes, Ins Dept'^ J. E. Smith - A. M. Whish, Bmp Rel L. J. Bibri, Enp Rel E. W. Hines, Washington, D. C. Pollution Abatement Advisory Committee: V. J. Green F. H. Simpson R. S. Trigg E. G. Fiodler ACK in the nineteen-twenties, THE MAGIC MINERAL the forces of corrosion and decnv under when the word "ASBESTOS" almost every condition of temperature frequently appeared in large or unquenchable, is a broad term and moisture (and of being resistant as letters on the fireproof drop curthar closed off the proscenium of theatre stages, it was cuscertain parts of the country u.-ttrsters attending Saturday- |tuu- performances of "Charley's embracing a number of fibrous sili cate minerals that are found in prac tically every country in the world. According to geologists, chrysotile asbestos--a variety of the mineral that accounts for ninety-five per cent of well to the acrinn of most acids, alkalies, and other chemicals) it is just about indestructible. It looks extreme!;- frag ile, yet its fibres have a tensile strength equal to that of piano wire. Apparent ly as light and feathery ns thistle- or or "The Vagabond King" or the world's production--had its origin eiderdown, it is actually as heavv and ^Mrs. iggs of the Cabbage Patch" greet the raising of the asbestos curwith the chant "All school boys [tat slewed tomatoes on Saturday!" Is was not, of course, an exercise in BMcnv-nics hut an expression of youth ful e\ ..'trance, and, to a lesser extent, millions of years ago, when subterra nean upheavals provided fractures in serpentine rock which were penetrated by water heated in the earth's interior. Subsequently, these waters dissolved some of the serpentine, and as the so lutions cooled, fibrous silicate crystals dense as the rock from which it is extracted. In one sense, then, it is a fibre of stone. In another sense, how ever, it is a mineralogical vegetable whose fibres are so soft and flexible that they can be carded, spun, and woven as easily as fibres of cotton or flax. perh.u'-. reflection of the tendency in began to grow within the fractures. Asbestos is the only mineral that can an era celebrated for parochialism and The two other major varieties of as be woven into cloth, and its fibrous fippancv to dismiss strange and exotic bestos--crocidolite and amosite--orig Structure is, if anything, even more juhstances with jokes. Among older inated through somewhat different amazing than its remarkable abilitv to people, it was certainly common knowl dynamic and thermal processes in meta- withstand heat. In fact, if it were not edge that asbestos was noncombustible,' morphic rock, and their fibres, though for the electron microscope, the extent ;for when "Joe and Asbestos"--the similar to chrysotile, possess different to which asbestos is fibrous would he dif dicated comic strip about horse rac- structural and chemical properties. Al ficult to believe, for there are approxi i mg- -rirst appeared in the Baltimore though known to man as early as the mately a million individual fibrils Iving :r. 1925, the stableboy named As- Stone Age, when it was used in pot side by side in a linear inch of chrvsotile s explained to the readership that tery, asbestos was considered a novelty asbestos, whereas only thirty-eight hun had acquired his odd moniker be until the late eighteen-seventies, when dred glass fibrils, such as those found in cause "no matter how hot my tips are, it began to be mined on a commercial various insulation materials, or six hun they'll never burn a hole in your pock- basis. Since then, it has achieved enor dred and thirty human hairs can be etbook." Such knowledge was hardly mous industrial importance because of aligned along the same distance. More universal, however, for it was also true its unique and astonishing physical prop over, in addition to their extreme fine that a popular put-on of the flapper erties. It appears to be highly combusti ness, high tensile strength, unusual flex .-''misted of solemn];- assuring a ble, yet it can withstand the fiercest ibility, spin nability, and resistance to heat suscept ive theatre companion that the heat. It seems as perishable as grass, but and the elements, asbestos fibres pos fur.r.;.-l .i'.kins word on the curtain by virtue of being almost immune to sess great powers to adsorb and to mec.-.t "Welcome" in Latin. The fact of the mattrr is that although asmstm was jinked one w.v. .-.r another in the public mind with fireproof '.'er.tre curtains, many pe:p.r thought its name trademark, few r knew that it was `erg ..ttttzed in a wide ''t ef. . t industrial rrod- .;t,v a handful or "-eutc.nl researcher? were 1 t.*en aeg-nning to 'ect tn.r.t :t was ariectinj :'e .-ealth of the wo.-k- r`- ' handled it, nm! ' n-'. une had .tav t would tte he one t T rtru.r ind " of cancer hi A' .STOS, -.vV/i :r.- from l acSirrrcs. Creighton's Cotton Shirt Classic Gentlemen of taste who are looking for a particularly special shirt need only to look at the Creighton collection. This one, of deep blue, luxurious cotton broadcloth striped with chalk, is enhanced by our superb Wilshire collar you can also wear pinned. It's about $8.50 at select shops. They have f(." it in button down too. CREIGHTON SHIRTMAKERS, REIDSVILLE, N. C. food it looiu. Ofoa <TRITT 424 Park Avenue (Between 55th and 56th Streets) New York City. N. Y. 10022 filter. Small wonder, then, tiut asbestos, which had been known p. ancients as "the magic mineral," in effect, rediscovered less titan a dred tears ago in the age or mb;: expansion, it was put to work. Since that time, the demand asbestos has risen almost as fast a Stuff could he mined from the and milled from its host rock. In 1 when the world's first commerce bestos mine was opened at They in the Province of Quebec, onlv t hundred tons of the mineral was duced. By 1910, annual world prot tion had jumped to thirty thous tons; by the middle thirties, it had creased to five hundred thousand t< and today the total output is rr than four million tons a year, until a few years ago, asbestos often called "the mineral of a th, sand uses" by those who sold it, this label has become obsolete, espec ly in the United States, where it estimated that asbestos may have many as three thousand different dustrial applications. The United St.v is the largest consumer of asbestos the world, importing nearly a millic tons a year, mostly chrysotile fro Canada, and since fully ninetv-fi per cent of this amount is used combination with other raw mater als--such as Portland cement, asphal and vinyl and other plastics--asbestos . present as an invisible and anonymou ingredient in a myriad of industria products, many of which are neve identified as containing asbestos ever though it may constitute up to fifty per cent of their content. The asbestos-cement industry, which is the principal consumer of the min eral, makes shingles for roofing and siding, sheets for exterior and interior walls, insulation board, clapboard, cas ings for electric motors, pipes to carry water, sewage, and gas, and numerous other products. Asbestos textiles are used not only in fireproof theatre cur tains but also in lagging and other in sulating wrapping, in conveyor belting; and safety clothing, in pot holders,ironing-hoard covers, draperies, rugs, \ and motion-picture screens, as filters ini gas masks and in the processing of fruit juices, acids, beer, and medicines, and _ in mailbags, prison-cell padding, air- -; plane fittings, stove and lamp wicks, <j sparkplugs, and fire hose. The electri cal-equipment industry has depended for venrs on asbestos yarn and tape for insulating conductors ranging from 1 fine-gauge wire to heavy cable, and; woven asbestos friction materials--such as brake linings and clutch f'ic- 1 njiui-- i -1'j-orr.; -o-i r.ir.ler.eck sweater made in England by Alan Paine. In '.`o-plv avre ' imr-wool. :'a->nioneJ with distinctive Alan Paine saddle shoulder, about $1* available. Aintree--1 featherweight pure wool shirt, ideal under pullovers, Mazers. etc. \bout 3 '.*>' ,:<t irating array o' original colour! created bv Alan Pair.e unis--arc found m cars, truc.-t-. : tors, power shovels, hoists, ami industrial machines, as arc .ioo cloth packings, seals, and .racket-, hestos papers and felts arc i.-eii rontinir, for piano paddinsi. for !;n stoves, heaters, tilinsi cabinets, miht helmets, and tile mu (tiers and in< of automobiles, and thev also arc f< : in armored cars, carpets, and c trid<jes, and as boiler jackets and rr. ator covers. Asbestos millboard, wn is a heavier version of asbestos pan is used for acoustical ceilings. as p! terboard and fireproof wallbonrd, a. in electric switch boxes, safes, tar pads, stove mats, ovens, and dip kilr Vinyl and asphalt floor tiles conta anywhere from thirtv to fiftv per cer, bv weight, of short ashestos fibres, ar. die floor-tile industry has become tr second-largest user of the minera Since the development of pher. ol-formaldehyde resins in 1909, as bestos has been used in large quantitie as a reinforcement and filler bv th, plastics industry, and tndav there ar, countless plastic products that contain asbestos, ranging from frving-pan han dles to rocket nose cones. Asbestos is also an ingredient of manv paints and sealants, of compounds used for roof For store name*, write: FRANK L. SAVAGE. INC.. 17 EAST 37 STREET, NEW YORK, N Y. 10016 coating and road building, of putties, caulking, and other crack fillers, of^ clays used for pottery and sculpture, of We Founds"ELDOg artificial snow, of plaster and stucco, of fireproof insulation sprayed on struc F s-f SwitzerkumSSfeA " -jgjpr*iy. * ___ a dram^ticSew caspal^trouser y-^ tural steel, and of underrating sprayed on automobile bodies. As a result of these multiple and miscellaneous applications, asbestos has . ELDORAEfejs^. ItrdincKKcbfendof ^0%',f-vyV "1, Dacron vpoly^^*^i^^!^^cpinbect -;c^ co_t.ttooacatfSi-4i,aL*t^^^t5>rcjSo^tbiSpKewcjSw`iTdriamcleitlnosniaollny finish that, nev^needs?ironing. lLolrve, dark ^charcoal ..khaki. .512.00 . become practically ubiquitous in mod ern society. There is not an automobile, airplane, train, ship, missile, or engine of any sort that does not contain as-: bestos in some form or other, and it has found its wav into literally every building, factory, home, and farm across the land. And, because its mi nuscule fibres are eminently respirable,; asbestos has also found its wav into the lungs of man, where, by remaining as indestructible as it does in nature, it can^ wreak terrible havoc. Mail orders to Kalamazoo, Mich igan 49003. Sizes 28 to 42. Specify waist and inseam. Add 50c for postage THE adverse biological effects ofj asbestos were observed as early the first century bv the Greek geog-1 rapher Strabo and bv the Roman nat-v no COD's. uralist Pliny the Elder, both of whony mentioned in passing a sickness of thy RecUyooA Ross lungs in slaves whose occupation vva to weave asbestos into cloth. Strab and Pliny were calling attention for th| 13 Traditional stores through the Midwest first time in history to a disease tha would one day be known as asbesta SIS--- 1 f( , r ,*r, ,-C . --,n :<>r nil .iu>t >< t.'.e ` .. . __ 'Cti hv tne nn.iiata'U .it fine particle? >! ahe<ts--r>i:t the ... .u-'V miicn ;"> ir.vni nv ;ne ..rv . : :pc mineral ;.> ac concerned ... ;v .-Amlin tnat :n:2:1: om- M-aith hazard. Indeed, mem ........ . ;>w nrd n?hc<tn< Hnnernn- h.ir- :1 veneration. Strabo and Pitt-- .ml that tile "perpet'.tr.i" .vck? : the '.acred and ine\t:r:.rt:i?Pr.- cjr "t the vestal \ trains were rn.nie asbestos, and Plinv described .i.'be'tos clotii, which had been used :,,r centuries in cremations, a; the rare and cost I v '`funeral dress of kings.'' It '.vas cenernllv assumed in ancient times :mt nsbe'tos was of vegetable origin-- plinv called ;t '`hrtnm iiviiw," and the -ec and-centurv Greek topographer Pc...'..:i a' referred to it as ``the onlv linen that is not consumed hv fire"-- and this misconception endured for centuries. I Only a few years ago, a major shareholder of an English as bestos company who was visiting the source of its supplies in South Africa asked the resident manager where the plantations were.) The Romans were especially impressed by the fact that when cloth made of asbestos was ex Horizons in Bermuda. Atop a sunny hill overlooking Coral Beach, with all Bermuda at your feet. A luxurious old Bermuda mansion with a cluster of elegant cottages. Large pool, tennis courts, golf, mar velous ocean swimming--and the mood is relaxing. Robert F Warner, Inc.. Representa tive, 630 Fifth Ave., New York. JU 6-4500. posed to flame it always came out whiter than before--hence the Latin word for asbestos, amtantus, meaning unpolluted or undefiled--and thev are Why are these five Bermuda resorts among the island's best-loved? said to have cleaned asbestos dinner napkins by tossing them into the fire. Because of the special attention you get. The use of asbestos in Europe ap- j There are five Bermuda resorts that have a pears to have diminished greatly during certain something, quite unique among re the Dark Ages, although it is said that sorts anywhere in the world. the Emperor Charlemagne convinced People say it's like being taken into a some warrior guests from a rival king dom that he possessed magic powers hv throwing an asbestos tablecloth into the fire and then withdrawing it, un scathed, from the flames. In the latter part of the thirteenth century, when the indefatigable Venetian traveller Mar friendly private club. There's a house party atmosphere plus thoughtful personal atten tion that makes people fall in love with these resorts. And keep returning to them. Perhaps it's their size. These are not enor mous hotels. Four of them are cottage colo nies and one is a small waterside hotel. Each is privately ow ned and individually operated. s' Polo was traversing a part of Si So the welcome is personal, the attention 's1".-. then known ns the Great Em special, the enjoyment relaxed. pire of Tnrtnry, he was shown some Although each resort has a charm of its ow n, there are special pleasures that all pro vide you. Glorious views of blue-green water and tropical flowers. Fine food, attentive service, excellent swimming pools, dancing under the stars. Wherever you stay, in a cottage-for-two or for all the family, or a room-with-terrace at the inn. you can be private and secluded when you wish. Yet chances are you'll be caught up in the house party spirit and find good company for lunch, cocktails, dinner and evening entertainment. These very special resorts are your entree into Bermuda's world of pleasures. Why not ask vour travel agent about them today? c`"tn that would not burn, and was told by h is Tartar hosts that it was) made from salamander's wool. Too GlenCOe. Sailboats at vour door. Break 'vily to he taken in by a storv like that, fast on vour terrace at lovely Salt Kettle Marco examined the material carefully inlet. Dine by the pool. Sail. swim, water ski, fish at this charming, informal waterside inn. ar|d, after making some inquiries, Reggie Cooper, owner-manager. Hetland & earned that there was a mineral in the Stevens. Inc.. Representative, 311 East 43 St., fountains of the district that con- New York. TN 7-1450. threads like those of wool. In asbestos deposits were discovered ;n tile Crnl Mountains, and fortv wars Jter a factory was built to manu facture asbestos products. Because the <nown uses of the mineral were few Pink Beach Club & Cotlages. On its own south shore beach in Smith's Parish. Dc luxe pink cottages with patios. Gourmet fare. Magnificent pool. Tennis courts. Golf nearby. Manager. Sig Wollmann. Represent ative. Leonard P Brickeu. I Palmer Sq., an<l the demand was limited, this first j Princeton, N J. 1609; 934-5084. commercial attempt to revive the long- j Lantana Colony Club. Beautiful cottages and clubhouse, on the Great Sound at Somerset Bridge. Choice cuisine. Pool, private beach, sailing, all water sports. New tennis courts. Golf nearby. Manager, John Young. Leonard P. Brickeu. Representative, 1 Palmer Sq., Princeton, N.J. (609) 934-5084. Cambridge Beaches, white beaches, sparkling water on three sides. 350 year old main house, charming cottages. Excellent cuisine, calypso entertainment. Large pool, game, reef and shore fishing. Saifing, tennis. Hetland and Stevens, Inc., Representative, ,311 East 43 St., New York. TN 7-1450. dormant asbestos industry was a : LAIjKVV.I- hue die second attempt, which place slightly more than a centun COG\ \C A New American Favorite succeeded hcvoinl the wildest dre: its hackers. .As a result, the t.ic asbestos could produce lung d which had been forgotten since and Pliny first recorded it aroun time of Christ, soon manifested- again. Modern knowledge of asbt dates from the rear 1900, when a mortem examination was perform: I)r. H. Montague Murray, a phvs in London's Charing Cross Hnsi on the body of a thirtv-three-vear man who had worked for tour years in an asbestos-textile factory, patient, found to have been sutte from severe pulmonary fibrosis, wi is scarring of the lungs, had been last survivor of a group of ten r. who were working in the carding ro of the factory in 1886, and since I Murray found spicules of asbestos the lung tissues at autopsy, he was a to establish a presumptive connect!- IMPORTED 30 PROOF ALSO V.S.O.P. T AFPQ'MTMENT ro ms majesty KING AtEXAMOCft I AND TO HIS MAJESTY KING f E T A between the man's occupation and t disease that killed him, A few ten later, an inspector in the Departme. of Labor at Caen, whose name w. Imported by: PARK. BENZIGER & CO,, INC. NEW YORK, N.Y. 0D Auribault, reported the results of wh. was undoubtedly the first study >: mortality among asbestos workers. Ac cording to Auribault, whose nccour. appeared in the Bulletin de I'lnspecticn du Travail ft dr l'Hygiene Indmtrirllr an asbestos-weaving mill had beer established in 1890 at Conde-sur- Noireau, in Calvados, and during it? first five years of operation, when there was no artificial ventilation and the employees were heavily exposed to dust from the looms, fifty of them died. Moreover, the director of the fac tory, who had previously owned a cot ton mill at Gonneville, in Manche, had recruited seventeen workers from his former staff, of whom sixteen were wiped out bv what Auribault, who was not a physician, mistakenly described as chalicosis--a pneumoconiosis common among stonecutters. Unfortunately, neither Murray nor Auribault realized the importance of their findings. Testifying before a De partmental Committee on Compensa tion for Industrial Diseases, in 1906, Murray said, "One bears, generally speaking, that considerable trouble is now taken to prevent the inhalation of dust, and so the disease is not so likely to A NORTH BAY story: Touching. This coat of Glenoit's GLENSEA. Soft and occur as heretofore,'' and the conclud sleek and luxurious and rich and very dense. Of 100% CRYLOR* acrylic fiber. In brown and ing recommendation of Aurihault's re black. In sizes 3-15. About $85 at LORD & TAYLOR, New York & branches. port was simply that people under defi eighteen years of age should not be al lowed to work in dusty conditions. Bc- I He's a non-comformist and is sympathetic to anything modem, especially when it comes to clothing. He expresses his individuality with our sculptured suit from France by Bril. Chalk striped wool worsted. *155. From our "Sutton East Gallery." Wen's Store, Street Floor and a selection at Bergen County. Short Hills, Stamford. 59th at 3rd, New York 10022 EL 5-5900 cause of ignorance about the cause of for a scientific journey that startec the disease, and because it manifested an apparently straightforward patf itself slowlv and insidiously over a pe occupational hygiene and that has s, riod of from ten to twenty tears nr branched out into epidemiology, more, asbestosis was probably more of cologv, physical chemistry, physiok ten than not misdiagnosed in the earlv and experimental pathology. As a part of the century as pulmonary tu suit of studies made between lc berculosis, silicosis, or fibrosing pneu and 1931, a whole literature reintint monia. In addition, coyness on the part ashestosis appeared in Great Brit, of industry, timidity on the part of la which included clinical and X-rav fi. bor, and obtuseness on the part of the ings, descriptions of the histology of medical profession often combined to disease, and the hypothesis (soon wid make early investigations into the health accepted ) that the strange-looking y of asbestos workers meaningless. As a lowish-brown bodies noticed bv Coc result, even though the asbestos indus were asbestos fibres that had been try was growing very rapidly in all the tered by the reaction of lung tissue, a. industrialized countries of the world, coated with a colloidal substance n almost nothing was done to control dust in iron. In fact, Cooke's "curie levels in asbestos factories, and almost bodies" proved to be so abundant in t no medical information on ashestosis lungs of autopsied asbestos worke, was gathered during the quarter of a many of which contained literally b century that followed the disclosures of lions of them, that they quickly came Murray and Auribault--although as be called "asbestos bodies." bestos workers were probably dying The most important investigation < like flies of it. this period was conducted by D It was 1924 before the first clear E. R. A. Merewether, a medical in case of death due to asbestosis ap spector for the Factory Department c peared in medical literature. In that the British Home Office. Between 192 year, Dr. W. E. Cooke, an English and 1929, he examined three hundrei physician, who gave the disease its and sixty-three asbestos-textile workec name, performed a post-mortem ex out of an estimated total of twenty-tw< amination on a thirty-three-year-old hundred asbestos workers employed it woman patient who had started work Great Britain at the time, and founc ing at the age of thirteen in an asbestos- that ninety-five, or slightly more than textile factor}- in which there was no twenty-five per cent, showed evidenc^ provision for the removal of dust. By of suffering from pulmonary fibrosis; 1917, after thirteen years of exposure, He also demonstrated that the inci-I she had been coughing and in bad dence of fibrosis increased in direct pro health, and from then portion to the number i her attendance at of years of exposure,' work had been inter reaching eightv-one per. mittent because of cent in the group off shortness of breath and workers who had been lassitude. The autopsy employed in the indus-! showed extensive pul try for twenty years monary fibrosis and or more. As a result dense strands of abnor of Merewether's re mal fibrous tissue con port, Parliament passed necting tlie lungs and legislation in 193! the pleural membranes that made ashestosis surrounding them. In a compensable disease, addition, Cooke noted the presence of required improved methods of exhaust solid yellowish-brown particles, which ventilation and dust suppression in as he called "curious bodies," in the areas bestos-textile factories, and instituted of fibrosis. "We have never seen any periodical medical examinations for thing parallel to this in pneumoconi workers engaged in particularly dusty osis due to other dusts, nor have we processes in the asbestos-textile industry. been able to find such occurrence in After this promising hurst of activity, literature," he declared, and he added, however, progress in the field of ashes "We cannot think there is any reason tosis was depressingly slow, for, as able doubt that the particles in the lung tilings turned out, the doctors had only are the heavv, brittle, iron-containing begun to scratch the surface of a prob fragments of asbestos fibre." lem of bewildering complexity. Many Cooke's discovery, which was pub investigators assumed that the new reg lished in the British MrilicaL Jottrnal of ulations would prove effective in con July 26, 1924, and republished in trolling tbe disease, thus failing to ap 1927, provided the point of departure preciate the fact fL,f ....... '' , u iiicii is wrtuaih indestructible, ik'> n> react within the lungs for i iitetime, and to iieed tile warnms! of .Merew ether, mm, when asked if two war' or eMiosiire was sufficient to cause i-,H 'to>is m a \ ouiur girl, replied, ""'l es, lives Ions enough.'' Moreover, : '.'tjues of dust sampling were primi- _ and inaccurate, anil dust levels v ,u ied so greatlv--not onlv from factiirv to factorv but from area to area within a given factorv--that it would have been almost impossible to establish criteria upon wiiich to recommend a safe level of exposure. But as time went by, the generally lowered dust !e\ els that did result from the regula rs of 1931 appeared to he slowing down the attack rate of the disease, at least in Great Britain, and the life ex pectancy of the average asbestos-textile worker was further increased bv the advent of antibiotics, which drastically reduced the death rate from infectious pulmonary diseases that often had to he feared as a complication of ashestosis. The totally unforeseeable consequence nt all this was that asbestos workers, in stead of dying of ashestosis, began living long enough to develop asbestos-in duced cancer. The first published suggestion of an association between ashestosis and ma lignant disease was made in 1935 bv Dr. Kenneth \1. Lynch, professor of pathology at the Medical College of South Carolina, who described the case of a fifty-seven-tear-old asbestos weaver who died of ashestosis and in whose lungs cancer was also found. Because the regulations of 1931 required Brit ish coroners to conduct autopsies on men who had heen suspended from work with asbestos on account of pul monary disahilitv or when their length of service rendered it likely that their occupation was a contributorv cause of death, pathologists in Britain were able to investigate the suggested link between ashestosis and lung cancer much more easilv than their counter parts in the United States, where few states had workmen's compensation laws covering dust diseases, and where there were no specific regulations re quiring post-mortem examinations of asbestos workers. The British investi gations were not made the subject of official comment until 1949, however, when Dr. Merewether, who was then Chief Inspector of Factories, puhli-hed a review of data that had heen accum ulated from 1924 to 1946, which re vealed that lung cancer was present in thirt'-one out of two hundred and thirtt-fiie deaths that were caused hv the mug that made mugs ^ famous Created by Bennington Potters in 1957, the trigger mug is now recognized as a design classic throughout the world. Top --12 oz. mug with cover that may also be used as saucer $2.50. Middle --standard mug $1.10. Bottom --trigger mug (12 oz.) $2.00. Available in white, charcoal, turquoise or brown at leading stores everywhere. For a complete catalogue of Bennington Potters' trigger mugs and other thoughtful designs send 25c to: beiminston potters Bennington, Vermont Here gob glories in majestic lanes and rolling seascapes, or.ee Retreat Plantation. After:,aids, languorous moments beneath the lordly trees ot the gracious Cloister. the cloister I:- -`itt-cr. 0l2 -- o38-36ll, " w IVurtic'r officc. I found at autopsv. I Ins kh an inci dence of Miglulv more titan thirteen I per cent, and Mere wether found it highlv sisrnific.im. for lung cancer, ac cording to its incidence in the general population, should only have been pres ent in approximately one per cent of the cases. At the time, no formal claim of an association between the two diseases was made, hut during the next few ! years an increasing-amount of evidence began to establish one. Then, in 1955, Dr. Richard S. Doll, director of the Statistical Research Unit of the British ,Jt4dical Research Council, completed I a study of a hundred and thirteen con secutive autopsies of men with more than twenty years of exposure in a large asbestos-textile factory, which showed that the extent to which thev lhad risked lung cancer over the whole period was eleven times as great as that of men in the general population of England and Wales. From then on, many doctors were convinced that a causal relationship between asbestos exposure and lung cancer had been demonstrated, although almost no part of the vast asbestos industry either acknowledged the relationship or found it advisable to aid the independent re searchers who were investigating it. AT this point, many epidemiologists lx had concluded that the hazards to human health presented by asbestos were limited to the relatively small group of heavily exposed workers en gaged in making asbestos textiles. The trouble was that very few studies had been made of the tens of thousands of workers engaged in other branches of the industry, which was then expand ing at an enormous rate all over the world, so that no one really had any way of knowing whether there was any danger from moderate or light occupational exposure--or, for that matter, from indirect, nnn-occupationni exposure. Such studies were under way in a number of countries, however, and when the results began to appear, in the late fifties, it became evident that the hazard posed to man by asbestos had once again been underestimated. The most dramatic development was the discovery of an association between exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma, an almost always malignant tumor of the pleura, which is the delicate mem brane that encases the lungs, or of the peritoneum, a similar membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Previously, mesothelioma had been so rare that it was considered a pathological curiosity. Tc was found in only one out of ever}' ten thousand autopsies, ;t was Some stores that carry clothing with this label NEW YORK. N.Y. A Branches B. ALTMAN A CO. NEW YORK. N.Y. A Branches NEW YORK CITY . LORO A TAYLOR GENTRCE. INC. NEW YORK CITY NEW YORK CITY KOLMER-MARCUS CHAS. YOUNG INC. Anahotm, Cal........................ Annapolis, Md. ................... Cotlea ... Johnsons, Inc. A/dmort. Pa.............................. ..............Erowlio's Asbury Park. NJ. A Branches . Steinbach Co. Atlantic City, NJ...... . Schuitr, Inc. Barrington, ill. Phillips Mens wear Bennington, Vt ................. Adams Clothes Shop Bethlehem, Pa..................... Silverberg A Goldberg Bloomington, jnd........................................ Sullivans Bridgeport, Conn. ................. Arcade Mens Shop Buffalo, N.Y. ....................... Riverside Mens Shop Burlingame, Cal. ............................... Robert Cates Cedarhurst, N.Y.........................................CricketShop Charleston, $.C. .................................... Taylors Inc. Charlottesville, Va..................... ....Page-foster Inc. Chicago. III. ..................................................Beacons Claremont. N.H............................. David Heller Co. Cleveland, Ohio ................... Captain's Quarters Colome, N Y. fiahs Columbus, Ind................................... Oalton A Payne Dallas, Texas....................... The Canterbury Shop Davenport, Iowa................................... Gentry Shop Oearbom, Mich........................................ Muirfteads Detroit, Mich...................... Hughes Hatcher Suftrin Ourfuoi, N.C..............................................Tharringtons East Paterson, NJ Mr. `V Elgin, III......... . Oaoners Endicott N.Y....... -........................................ Shapiro's Fargo, N. Oak. .... Germantown. Pa. Matt Siegel Co. George Alien Green Bay, WIs. . C. A. Gross Grand Rapids, Mich. ....Stokettes Hagerstown, Md............. ................. tofhnais Hartford, Conn. ...... ........ Slossbergs Hattiesburg, Miss......... ...Fine Bros. Mattson Co. Hewlett, N.Y.................Jack Marcus Mens A Soya Houston, Texas ..................................... Norton Ditto Indianapolis, Ind........................... L Strauss A Co. Jersey City, NJ.........................................Ursh. Inc. Kansas City, Mo..................................... Jack Henry Unsdale, P*. .............. ........................... Bartheimewt long Beach, Cal. 4 Branches......................gufhwn? Los Angeles. Cel A Branches.......J. W. Robiesoe Louisville, Ky..................................The fashion Post Lynchburg, Va.___________ J. L Wood Bros. Inc. Manchester, N.H.................................. McOuedes Miami, Fla. A Branches........... Jordan Marsh Co. Midland, Mich.......... ........... McCanns Milwaukee, WIs............... Harleys Morristown, NJ................................ M. Epstein Inc. Naugatuck, Conn................................... Breens Inc. Newark. NJ. A Branches.... L Bamberger A Co. Newark. NJ. 4 Branches.................... Haftoe A Co. Newburgh, N.Y....................................... Kassel Bros. Newouryport, Mats........_......................... ....... Krays New Haven, Conn. ............................... Gentree ttd. Newport News, Va. ....................Young Mens Shop Newton Center, Mass. ........................... Moshers New York City, N.Y.............................Imperial Wear Norristown, Pa, .................................... j. 8. Arena Norwood, Ohio ............... Steinberg Clothing Inc. Oceanside, N.Y.................. Chwatskys Dep't Store Old Town, Ben Sklar ,0inah. Neb................... ......................... Parsows Oswego, N.Y................... .... ' . Frank G. Wells Paoli, Pa......................... ........................... Oeevers Phila.. Pa. A Branches .......... Jacob Reed's Sons Phila., Pa. A Branches ...............John Wanamaaer Pittsburgh, Pa................. .........................Kawtmanns Plainfield, NJ. Portland, Me. ............................. Toppers A. H. Benoit Co. Portland, Ore.................. .... Lowensons Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ...................................... fiahs Rahway, NJ................... ........................Mark Harris Ridgefield, Conn............ I. Grossfeld Rockford, III.................. Wm. Mosenfelder A Sons Salt Lake City. Utah . . . . Paris Co. San Francisco, Cal City of Pans San Luis Obispo, Cal............... Riley's Mens Store Santa Ana, Cal. ................... Seattle, Wash. 4 Branches Seattle. Wash. Bullocks Frederick A Nelson Martin A Eckmann Southfield. Mich. South Orange. NJ. . Oanbys Minks Soringfield, Pa. Geo. J. Edelmann Staten Island. N.Y. St. Louis, Mo. Syracuse. N.Y. Tampa. Fla. A Branches Thousand Oaks. Cal. Trumbull, Conn. . Tulsa, Okla......... Tupelo, Miss. Wash., O.C. A Branches Washington, D.C. Waterbury, Conn. Wenatchee. Wash. West New York. N.J. Williamsport, Pa. wiiiingboro, N.J. Wilmington, Del. winter Park, Fla. Worcester. Mass. Worcester. Mass. Yakima, Wash. Youngstown, Ohio Chas. Kennedy Stix Baer A fuller Wells A Coverty Maas Bros. Jim Crossman Ray Pacific Vandevers Hinds Bros. Woodward A Lothroo Lewis A Thomas Salt/ Minicuccis Mills Bros. Schiesingers Ulman Bros. Stanford Reed Wngnt A Simon The Toggery Inc. Ware Pratt Co. Mark. Inc. ftainford Ltd. Hart/eM-Rose Naturally, in one ad we cannot list all the hne stores that carry our clothing. Subse quent ads will carry other names. Mean while, il a store in your city is not listed, please write us. H. FREEMAN & SON, Inc. 33rd <S Arch Sts.. Philadelphia. Pa. 19104 not listed in most medical hooks, it was nut even coded separated' in World Health Organization'.' Inter tional Classification of Disease'. 1956 and 1957, however, sixteen c of this rare tumor--tantamount to epidemic--were diagnosed at tire Pr moconinsis Research Unit in for, nesburg, Smith Africa, hv a pathol. named f. Christopher Warner. 1 circumstances led Dr. Wagner and associates to suggest that asbestos mi play some part in the mvsterious r break: asbestos bodies had been founr autopsy in the lungs of the verr ; case, and ten of the cases had co from a hospital to which patients ; pected of suffering from ruhercui were referred from a large crocidoi. asbestos mining area. At the beginning, this hvpotln seemed rather tenuous, for none of ; sixteen patients who suffered fn mesothelioma had ever worked in bestos mines or mills. Within a sh. Design Research is gathering its autumn stock of recognized classics and period, however, cases of mesothelior new designs to add to the collection of D/R furniture, Marimekko textiles began to crop up elsewhere in Soi. and dresses, fur and leather, toys, kitchen things and many other acces Africa, and when Wagner and his as; sories. dates discovered that the father of o of their new mesothelioma patients h been the manager of an asbestos mir Design Research, 53 East 57th Street, New York; 57 Brattle Street, Cam and that the patient had played arom bridge; Ghirardelli Square, San Francisco. the mine and on the adjacent dumps a child, they undertook to reinvestiga the sixteen original cases and to o tain detailed life histories in all futu cases. By the end of 1961, thev hi: diagnosed a total of eightv-seve mesotheliomas of the pleura and tv. mesotheliomas of the peritoneum. On twelve of the cases proved to has had industrial exposure to asbesto but all the rest came from the arii windswept region of the Cape nsbestc fields, where they could easilv have su, tained exposure simply by living in th vicinity of asbestos mills and dumps. .- particularly striking case was that of woman who was horn in a town on th asbestos fields, left the region at the as of five, and died of a pleural mesothe lioma at the age of fiftv-seven. Detailei questioning about her childhood re vealed that she had attended a kinder garten near an asbestos dump and tha she and her playmates (two of whorr also died of mesothelioma) used to en joy sliding down the dump on their way home from school. Another exam ple was provided hv the voimge-st pa tient of the series--a man who died at the age of twentv-one. He It.ui been exposed to asbestos from the age of six weeks until he was weaned--a period during which Ins mother took him aiong with her when she went t" work . . is 'ciut'atoii from its host r< c.c. i among those patients who and Wl :n asbestos mines, the nr:'..a ,,s'.ure annearod to have been segue. ;i most cases tile lungs showed no o. nee or asbcstosis hut onlv a few ,i-- in idles and ribres in the air soave-. m this, Wagner drew the chilling ssion tiiat mesothelioma might re- . : from an exposure to asbestos dust -.-.it was considerablv less than that needed to produce fibrosis--the condi- ;-ou tout had alwavs been considered es sential for the development of asbestos lung cancer. ( In some areas of South Africa, occupational exposure to asbestos mot was so heavv, however, that ri- -;s of the lungs was almost certain- cilling people before cancer could develop. According to Dr. G. W. H. Scliepers, a native of South Africa who is now director of the Bureau of Lab oratories in the Department of Health in Washington, D.C., conditions of industrial hvgiene in the asbestos mines and factories were often "deplorable." In 19+9, when Schepers was sent into t.'.e northeastern Transvaal to make t.ie first official radiological and clinical survev of the asbestos industry for the South African government, he found barefoot Bantu children spending their davs inside large jute shipping bags, where they were forced by overseers armed with whips to trample down fluffv amosite asbestos as it came cas cading over their heads into the bags. Schepers found that a number of these children had developed asbestosis with cor pulmonale--right-sided heart fail ure, which often accompanies the dis ease--before the age of twelve, and he has said that he would be verv sur prised if anv of them had lived long enough to develop either lung cancer or mesothelioma. ) In 1960, the vear that Wagner pub- shed the first of his disturbing reports about mesothelioma, there were two additional developments that caused grave concern among scientists investi gating tile asbestos problem. One of them occurred in Finland, where Dr. Raimo Kiviluoto, a radiologist, hail been surveving the general population for tuberculosis; be detected dcpo-its t calcium on the pleura, which bad 'e\ louslv been seen almost exclu-o.:n asnestos workers, in four Hun dred and nmetr-nine out of sixer-tbo r Hundred and twelve people I mo-th. tanners and their waves) who lived in a ' untitv where asbestos had been nunni FOXHEAD coats with DACRON* Handsome any time, anv place', anv weather. Lightweight, iashion-styled in ad-ply Dacron' polyester and wool-worsted fabric. And then some. Sheds wrinkles rv: . and retains shape. ZcpiT finish tor rain and stain protection. Optional zip-liner available. See Fosheud. in elegant colors and patterns, from S7o, at smart stoi vs e \ erv where. / <:uof. ,{ m ') S A * O-ifWnt '''-'W. r< d t m OUTSMARTS THE WEATHER mdi milled fur main \ cars, anil m> pk m .il L.ik-sficatiun^ in vncnn-niio iinndr-d t of 'K-tirlr. Fwhwvl <torcv. wnw in* v*->rh1 .re- 'T Topcoat :mk'cr CootMotn Bros, cc Co., Fnc. 10 West :oth Str-.t V v. Pirs-.N V 100i 1. >..C idle people wi\o lived m .t m'W'- bestos industrv. The other development Thomson's observations were con took place back in South Africa, where firmed bv studies made in Miami, i, Dr. [. G. Thomson, professor or n:i- London, and in Belfast, while in Piets thologv at tiie Medical School of the burgh asbestos bodies were found in th Cniversitv of Cape Town, was exam lungs of fot'tv-six of a hundred eon ining lung-rluid smears from five hun secutrie autopsies at Preshvterian-L ni dred consecutive autopsies to determine versitv Hospital. .And Wagner's find the extent to which the ordinarv urban ings were corroborated hv investiga dweller was exposed to the inhalation tions that associated mesothelioma vvitl of asbestos; lie found asbestos bodies in exposure to asbestos in half a dozer twen tv-five per cent of the total. cities in Europe anti the United States Thomson's discovery astonished the Perhaps the most striking eonfirmatior medical world, for up until that time of Wagner's data came from London no one suspected that asbestos bodies where Dr. Muriel L. Newhouse anc might be present in the lungs of people Dr. Hilda Thompson, of the Depart who did not work in asbestos mines ment of Occupational Health at the or factories. He pointed out, however, London School of Hygiene anil Tropi that there had been a tremendous in cal Medicine, investigated the life his crease in the use of asbestos throughout tories of seventy-six cases of mesothe the world over the previous twenty lioma that had been confirmed hv au The years--three million tons were market topsy or hiopsv in London Hospital. ed in 1960--and that asbestos was be To no one's surprise, thirty-one of the ing incorporated . into an increasing seventv-six patients had worked with Towncliffe number and variety of industrial prod asbestos, hut eleven of those who had ucts with which the ordinary urban died had s'mplv lived within half a dweller came into intimate daily con mile of an asbestos factory, and nine Attitude She's a tact. He also suggested that the air of city streets was a likely source of as bestos exposure, and that the average motor vehicle, which wears out three or others--seven women and two men-- were relatives of asbestos workers. Most of these women had washed their husbands' work clothes regularly. The fashion adventuress-- four sets of asbestos brake linings and investigators learned that one of the one or two asbestos clutch facings in its husbands, a docker, had come home She wears suits almost lifetime, might well be a major cause "white with asbestos" every evening everywhere, making all of the liberation of asbestos dust. for three or four years, and that his Thomson reminded his colleagues that, wife had brushed him down. Both the ladies in dresses feel miserably timid. compared to a half-life of twenty-eight years for strontium 90, the half-life of asbestos fibre was an infinity of years, of the men in this group, when boys of eight or nine years, had had sis ters who worked in asbestos-textile Terribly conventional. and he concluded that, because of the contin It has to do with the uous disintegration of factories. One of the sisters had been em ployed as a spinner suits she picks, of course. They're so smashingly asbestos products such as brake linings, floor tiles, and roofing ma from 1925 to 1936, and had died of asbestosis in 1947, at which distinctive. terials, as well as the demolition of buildings Her suits are works of (containing numerous time it was determined at an inquest that "she used to return home art, with all the detail and flair that makes for | other asbestos products, I asbestos was constantly ! finding its wav into the from work with dust on her clothes." Her brother, who line! ap greatness. It's the heart of The Towncliffe Attitude-- the right suit atmosphere as an everlasting contami nant. He even went so far as to pre dict chat in future decades, as the ac cumulation of asbestos in urban areas led inexorably to higher concentrations parently sustained no other exposure to asbestos in his lifetime, died in 1956 of a pleural mesothelioma. Further corroboration of Wagner's findings came from southeastern Penn is worlds apart from everything else. of asbestos fibres in the lungs of urban dwellers, asbestos-induced neoplasms would rival cigarette-induced lung can sylvania, where Dr. Jan Lieben, then head of the Division of Occupational Health at the State Department of Townsoun in Red. Royal. Jade, Coffee. 3 to 13. About $90 Slightly higher west. BEST &. CO . NEW YORK GODCHAUX'S. NEW ORLEANS G10C(NG-JENNY. CINCINNATI i DAYTON WOOLF BROTHERS. KANSAS CITY and fme stores everywhere. cer as a cause of death. As might be expected, the disclosures made by Wagner, Kiviluoto, and Thomson provided a powerful stimulus for further investigation of the prob lem of asbestos exposure. During the Health, in Harrisburg, investigated the backgrounds of fortv-two people who had died of mesothelioma between 1958 and 1963. Of the fortv-two pa tients, ten proved to have had definite occupational exposure to asbestos, three TowncMfc Inc. 5>2 Seventh Avenue New York N Y. 10013 next few vears, a hunt for mesothelio mas and asbestos bodies was undertaken by pathologists all over the world. were relatives of asbestos workers, eight either lived or were emploved in tinvicinity of an asbestos factorv, and ten others were discovered to have ii.nl least some minor exposure to the in eral. The ten people with me exposure included a seir-emphu maker of Swiss cheese who used a re hundred-gallon boiler covered a asbestos insulation that flaked otf rr>t contact, a salesman who had mixed a applied asbestos-cement insulation f/f/'S boilers in his home, and a tonne', year-old boy who at one time I helped his father saw up and inst plasterboard during an extensive modelling of their house. From an epidemiological point view, the investigations that tended support the findings of Wagner a Thomson were weak, because th What does Barletta mean? Style. Luxury. More style and luxury than you've ever enjoyed in any shoe. The Barletta shoe is hand cut. Hand lasted. Hand sewn. Hand made. Each pair of Barletta shoes is a proud example of its Italian bootmaker's art. Not all stores have them. Then, not all lacked a defined population as a hr against which the data could be me; ured. On the other hand, the presen of asbestos bodies in the lungs of such large percentage of consecutive auto sies in so many widely distributed cit; of the world was sufficient to indica stores deserve them. You do. One fine store near you should have Barletta shoes. They are not inexpensive. But, what worthwhile ever is? that asbestos fibres were probably heir inhaled by a majority of urban dwe. ers everywhere, and the associatir between asbestos and mesothelion was striking enough to suggest that Ultimo EUrlettj Shoe Co. * 40 S. Clinton, Chicago 60600 Paris, Milan, London, Palm Springs, Beverly Hills, New York, Chicago, some other American cities. history of exposure to the miner was likely to be found whenever positive diagnosis of the tumor w: made. As a result, epidemiologists we: forced to revise their idea that asbest, was only an industrial hazard, and : TURRET give serious consideration to Thorr son's prediction that it might pros to be dangerous for untold numbe. of unsuspecting people in the gener 6LUB Contemporary soft shouldered clothing community. IN October of 1964, in order to re view the data collected in the pa: and to discuss the problems awaitin solution in the future, the New Yor Academy of Sciences sponsored an in ternational Conference on the Biolog: cal Effects of Asbestos, at the Waldorf Astoria. The conference enabled mor than four hundred scientists from a! over the world to discuss the immense ly complicated epidemiological am clinical problems that had appeared i: the forty years since Dr. Cooke de scribed the first clear case of asbestojis No one does and its planning was largely the wnr' of one of its co-chairmen, Dr. [rvin; J. Selikoff, who is head of the DiCsion of Environmental Medicine a: it like the City University's Mount Sina School of Medicine, director ot it; Haspel Environmental Sciences Laboratory, and a pioneer in the field of modern asbestos epidemiology. Suits about S75, sport jack.-rs about 345 (slightly higher on the West Co; .St;, Like many of his colleagues at the Haspel Bros., Inc , New Orleans, U.S.A. conference, Dr. Selikoff became inter. 1+3 . ,i 111 asbestos ill .1 roundabout w.U . \ : 1.iri\ t* of New York Citv. :ie :n;.niai .it Beth Israel Hospital in Newnk; ilnl Ills pathology at Mount Sinai. a here he lias been a member of the .::rf 'inco 19+7; ami became a chest .\:.i:i at the Sea View Hospital on c n Island, specializing in tuhercu' ... In 1951, he participated in the i.i'lc research on isoniazid--the antih in tic drug that, bv effectively killing tubercle bacilli, has provided a cure tor tuberculosis--for which he received the American Public Health Associa tion's Albert Lasker Award in Medi cine. In 1953, Dr. SelikofF founded a medical clinic in Paterson, New Jersey, .c ere, by chance, seventeen of his ..irlv patients were men referred for chest-disease consultations who worked in a local factory that had been mak ing asbestos-insulation materials since 19+0. When the factory closed down in 195+, the seventeen men went into other work, and at that point Dr. Selikoff decided to continue his observa tion of these patients with X-ray ex aminations and pulmonary-function tests in order to determine the history and the natural course of asbestosis in men who would not be subjected to further exposure. At the time, Dr. SelikofF was chiefly interested in asbestosis because, as he has explained, "I was still unconvinced of the relationship between asbestos and lung cancer. There wasn't much data, 3fid what there was scarcely seemed to indicate that it would prove to he much of a problem." As things turned out, he changed his mind. In 195+, all seventeen men from the Paterson factory were able-bodied and work ing. By 1961, however, six of them were dead, and todav only six of them are alive. Of the eleven who died, : ur were victims of lung cancer, three : other cancers, one of mesothelioma, and two of asbestosis. Of the six who are still alive, two are disabled because of respiratory insufficiency caused by fibrosis of the lungs, and one has re covered from surgery for cancers of tile lung and larynx. Dr. Selikoff shook his head in describing the fate of these patients, but as early as 1961 "-'eir ranks had been thinned out so '.istically that, as he said, "I was 'reed to the awful realization of what could happen to men who were occu pationally exposed to asbestos." After the company that owned the factory said it was unable to make its employ ment records available, he wrote to several other large asbestos manufac turers in the United States, inquiring The best Wine is the Wine you like best. Villa Antinori -- Gran Vino del Chianti--The superior Classico Chianti from Antinori. Estate Bottled. Antinori Bianco Delia Costa Toscana -- Light and fruity -- a medium dry white wine from Tuscany, in its unique fish bottle. Antinori Vaipoliceila -- Ruby red, fresh and harmonious with character and flavor. Antinori Soave -- Velvety, light and dry white wine with a faint taste of almonds. Marchesi L & P NEW YQPK The Nobilitv of Italian Winp plants, atul was unable to obtain in formation from anv of them. Mea winle, he atul L)r. facob Cluiry;, chi pathologist at Barnert Memorial Ho pita!, in Paterson, who had been fin ing ashestosts and lung cancer in large number of workers from the Pat erson factorv, took their data to Dr Roscoe P. Kandle, Commissioner o the New Jersey State Department o Health, and Dr. Kandle applied to th United States Public Health Service f funds to undertake a study of the Pat erson factory and to make a statewid survey to determine how many peopl were being occupationally exposed t asbestos. However, the request w denied for lack of resources. Since Dr. Selikoff already knew tha men who had worked in the facto' that made insulation materials were dy` For all those people who thought they would miss ing of asbestosis and lung cancer a the old Imperial, here's what is going up in its place: The an alarming rate, he considered tha new Imperial. A majestic, 17-story high rise scheduled to open in March, 1970, on the site of our old wing. With a men who were installing such mate-' thousand spacious new rooms added to the 600 in the might also risk disease, and early present building, the Imperial will be the largest hotel in 1962 he made contact with officials 6 the Orient. And then, as now, you can be sure the Imperial's New York Local 12 and Newark famous personal attention to service, and its matchless cal 32 of the International Associatio facilities in the heart of the world's biggest city, will live of Heat and Frost Insulators and up to the name. Imperial...and the legend continues. bestos Workers. The asbestos insulato had been trying for years to inter* IMPERIAL HOTEL doctors and various government age f. fnunwr</, Pret*<Gentul Mjnjg TOKYO cies in their medical problems, so th r TVT"***?! were only too glad to cooperate, an urged Dr. Selikoff to make a study depth of the effects of asbestos ex* sure among their members. During the next six months, D Selikoff and his administrative assistan Mrs. Janet S. Kaffenburgh, pore through the unions' records and com piled a list of the names and addres of the six hundred and thirty-two me who had been members of either of th metropolitan locals on December 31 1942, and of the eight hundred and ninety men who had joined betwee then and December 31, 1962. From Why wait for your emerald anniversary to buy an emerald? You can wait until your 55th anniversary and then get an emerald to celebrate the occasion. Or you can choose an emerald now from The Quintessa the unions' employment records, they obtained detailed work histories of the total membership of fifteen hundred and twenev-two men, including data, on their withdrawal from work for other employment, war service, retire ment, or illness. This enabled them to calculate the onset and duration of ex posure to asbestos for each worker. Collection and get one that's excitingly beautiful --when you're still young Records of the unions' health and wel enough to be excited! The Quintessa Collection includes over 300 pieces of fine jewelry, containing diamonds, emeralds, sapphires, rubies, and the Linde Created Emerald. Emeralds by Quintessa. You don't have to wait to inherit them. Available at selected jewelers throughout the country. S' X (Jfu For information, write: The Quintessa Collection, I 270 Fatk Avenue, New York, New York 10017 Ring shown $21 5 (larger than actual size). t,. v^ fare funds provided them with the dates atul places of death of the two hundred and sixtv-two workers who lud died between 1942 and 1962, and copies of the death certificates of all hut one of them were obtained. In addition, au topsy protocols, histological specimens, anti hospital records were reviewed by Dr. Selikoff and Dr. Chur:; in :tiu. Stieff Silver is for lovers For lovers of grace and beauty from people who love their craft. See Stieff's loving attention to detail in the cool, contemporary look of Personna ... the restrained elegance of Royal Dynasty. As in every Stieff pattern, each piece is carefully hand-ground, hand-buffed, and hand-oolished to the complete satisfaction of proud artists in silver. You get so much more pleasure cut of Stieff silver because so much more love goes ;nto it. At selected jewelry r.nc? department stores . . . write for free literature and address of your nearest dealer Wyrran Park Drive, Baltimore. Md. 21211 Shown left: Personna: right: Royal Dynasty deaths I approximately orte-h.ilt nt total I which occurred in hospital*. In the next phase of the <nul\. IV. SelikorF and Dr. Chursr were iomeii by Dr. . Cutler Hammond. \ ieePresident for Epidemiology and Sta tistics of the American Cancer Societt. who had participated in an analysts of the medical effects of the atomic ex plosions that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in 19+5, and whose larjescale epidemiological studies of more than a million men and women pro vided a major basis for the conclusions drawn in the 1964 Surgeon General's report on the effects of cigarette smok ing. Since previous studies had sug gested that lung cancer associated with asbestosis seldom develops until twenty years after initial exposure to asbestos dust, Dr. Selikoff and Dr. Hammond decided to limit their first report to the six hundred and thirty-two men who were on the union rolls as of Decem ber 31, 1942. Taking the men's ages into consideration, Dr. Selikoff and Dr. Hammond then set about comparing the number and causes of death among them with those of the general male population in the United States. The results were depressing. According to the standard mortality tables, two hun dred and three deaths could have been expected among the six hundred and thirty-two workers. Instead, there were two hundred and fifty-five, not counting seven men who had died be fore incurring twenty years of expo sure--an excess of twenty-five per cent. The reason for the excess was not hard to find. The fact that twelve of the deaths were attributed to asbestosis was not particularly surprising, but only six or seven deaths from cancer of the lung, pleura, or trachea were to be expected, whereas there were fortv-five. And where nine or ten gastro-intestinal can cers were to be expected there were actually twenty-nine. Since the lungcancer death rate was known to be more than ten times as high among cigarette smokers as among non-smokers, Dr. Selikoff and Dr. Hammond realized that they would have to take the smoking habits of the asbestos-insulation workers into account if their findings were to have anv va lidity. It was, of course, impossible for them to ascertain this with accuracy in the cases of the two hundred and fiftvfive men who had died, so, for purposes of calculation, they assumed that all six hundred and thirtv-two men had smoked a pack or more of cizarettes each day, and they demonstrated chat even if this had been the case it would have produced a lunz-caticer death rate I Autumn appetizer For tail-gates or bancuet plates. a Bros bent & Bmgham aged ana registered Ke tucky Country Ham .$ ;ust tne thing. V guarantee unvarying cuatitv and ftav because we do eve'vthmg ourselves--fre raising our own hogs :o smoking and curir our hams the old-fashioned sassafras wa Each ham is registered for aosotute quait control, guaranteed or your money bacDelight vour friends by giving or servm this famous Kentucky delicacy. * EE?*- Write for descriptive brochure or send chec for site ham desired- Uncooked weight Aox. 11 tbs SIS.50: Apx. 13 lbs. S19.5C Adx. 15 lbs. S22-50. Add S2 50 for shipping or S7.50 for shipping and cooking. SUBaisaii? W3CCARCierClU3>A| ttmtxr cocvncr ham y/ Broadbent-BIngham Kentucky Food Products. Inc, Dept H, P.0. Box $108. Louisville. Ky. 40206 BLUE PEONY--5 pc. place setting, about 56.50 Available at Tiffany & Co. Send for FREE illustrated Booths brochure to: EBELING & REUSS CO- Dept. Bl. 23rd & Chestnut Sts., Phila., Pa. 19103 rhi'ee ami a half times that "t me j -i.il male population. Cigarette "iiiitherefore, could not explain r.Kt that in tins group of a<be<to-ulatinn workers the rate of ile.itli ioiu Inna cancer was seven time* the , \;u x teil rate. Ivvause of its ohiectivitv, :t< scope, ts thoroughness, this -nulv coiid lit l)rs. Sehkoff, Lhurg, ami fiaiiutioml hail a great impact on Pie medical communitv when it was published, in the spring nf 1964, in the Jm,run! of thr Anuricnu Mrthcal Asyiti/ition, ami when it was delivered be tore the Conference on the Biologi cal Ktfects <>f Asbestos that October. It was the first studv ever made that had taken a large enough group of asbestos u->rkers from a point far enough hack n time and followed them long enough to determine unequivocally what their health experience had been. Unlike al most all the previous investigations, which simple indicated that there was .an association between asbestos and various kinds of cancer, it was based upon the incidence of disease within a defined population, and thus answered a fundamental epidemiological question of how many cancers had developed out of how many persons exposed. In doing so, it furnished the first incon trovertible evidence that industrial ex posure to asbestos was hazardous; it established sound methodologv for fu ture studies; and it marked a turning I point in the views held hy doctors and I health officials around the world. RENFIELD importers. lto,, n.y. Do you have the self-confidence to pay less for your Scotch? IN tlie autumn of 1962, Dr. Selikoff--using donations from private sources and a grant awarded hi the Health Research Council of New 'fork Citv, headed bv -Dr. George S. Mi rick--had set up informal clinics t union halls in New York and N.-wark and started giving X-r.o animations, pulmonary-function tests, uni blood tests to the memberof the two asbestos workers' local-. During the next vear, he examined vleven hundred and seventeen worker-, and he also questioned them clu-elv bout their smoking habits, the kiml'f materials they used, ami the Coiui: 011- under which thev worked. `'The a-ulation workers, an intelligent ami ghlv skilled group of craftsmen, pa- ' utlv educated me concerning their trade," he once said. "I learned that "'vv had had. cnmnarativeiv light .1:1.! intermittent exposure as asbestos work er? go, because thev often worked outof-doors on construction projects, ami hviause most of the materials thev u-ed | ''ad an asbestos content of less than r;:- I Some people don't taste the Scotch. They taste the price. So they aren't comfortable unless they spend seven or eight dollars a bottle. When you try King William, forget tiiat you're getting 86 proof Scotch at an upsettingly low price. Just savor the Scotch itself. Smooth and light. As good or better than the higher-priced Scotches. King William is one of Scot land's oldest and most re spected brands. Produced there by John Gillon & Co. since 1817. And enjoyed throughout the world. Will KingWilliam impress your friends? That depends. On whether they're Scotch drink ers--or money drinkers. 86 PROOF BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY J teen per cent. I also round out how their problems had been neglected. BON APPEH Most of them had never seen ;i labor inspector in their lives, and onlv a handful could remember seeing anvone make a dust-level count m the areas where tliev were at work." Dr. Seli- koff also learned that although some of the workers knew they ran a risk of developing asbestosis ( which tliev usuallv referred to as silicosis) almost none of them had any idea that thev also risked cancer because of their oc From Lloyds collection of English, I French and I American 1 Dining Tables cupation. As things turned out, he found radiological evidence of asbesto sis in fullv half of the eleven hundred and seventeen men. The extent of the fibrosis varied directly with the dura tion of exposure. Of three hundred and forty-six men whose exposure had be gun less than ten years before, only ten per cent showed any abnormality, and of three hundred and seventy-nine men who had been exposed for between ten and nineteen years more than half still had normal X-rays; in neither group was there any discernible evidence of cancer. On the other hand. Dr. Selikoff found that among three hundred and ninety-two men with more than twen ty years of exposure three hundred and DIRECTOIRE EXTENSION SEATS TEN Perfect for the Living-Dinin'. This most versatile translation of tl original extends to a huge 87* oval wi leaves inserted. With drop leaves dow ures only 19" x 38" to fit comfortably : space. 33" x 38" with leaves up. Simp gant, entirely finished by hand in Fren (brown mahogany), or in aged fruitwr Both with brass edges -- both with tf patina of an inherited antique. F.O.B.. N.Y.C. Add S18 crating beyond delivery i GET TO KNOW LLOYDS; it's one of unusual shops of its kind in New Yor find that it's fun to browse to your hea tent through our large collection of Ant Reproduction furniture, paintings and tions and objets d'art. Discover Lloyds as you can. You'll be glad that you did. NEW 64 PAGE CATALOGUE SI thirty-nine had developed asbestosis, which had by that time become mod 116 EAST 60th ST., N. T. 22, N. T,, PL erate or extensive in more than fifty per cent of the cases; he also found that eleven of the men had developed can To get the most cers of the lung or pleura. Aided by yearly grants from the Health Research Council, Dr. Seli- authentic muttoi chop in the worl koff has maintained a close watch on the ashestos workers' health, paving particular attention to those men with fly to London. Or, take a cab to more than twenty years of exposure hv examining them once or twice a year. Mix with As a result, he has been able to detect symptoms of illness in many of the men BOISSIERE much earlier than they might have been detected and to observe with great ac curacy the mortality experience of the three hundred and seventy whom he Keens English Chop House 72 W.36,N.Y.--WI 7-3636 Open Sundays, 4-1 1 P.M. (Say " Bwa-See-Air") found in 1963 to he survivors of the LE FRENCH VERMOUTH TRES DRY original six hundred and thirty-two Bring your Martini to life members of the union in 1942. It con tinues to be disastrous. Between [mili with Boissiere. Crisp... subtle...extra dry...the connoisseur's vermouth. It does make a difference ary of 1963 and March of 1968, fifty deaths would normally have been ex pected to occur among these men. In stead, there were a hundred ami thir teen. Fifteen of them were caused In asbestos:?, and, as with the earlier study, the rest of the excess turned out to he caused hv cancer of various kinds. A sitting in black and whit plus six glossit 1 wo or three bronchogenic cancers would have been normal, hut twenty- only $42.50. Color from $151 eight occurred, and where the actuarial SOLE DISTRIBUTOR USA MUNSON fl. SHAW CO . NEW YORK tallies predicted only two gastro-iutestinal cancers titeie were eight. An mi- 43 Eas! 50th Slreet, New York Plaaa 5-67S expectedly 'Harp rise in the milliner oi ksne-csg. . r;ne reacners and Jewe1 wircens cn mini-totes forme"ncrdci2evenings. . . from mesotheliomas was observed. [n me earlier study. mere had been mn r.uir in two minuted ami fifty-five maths; between IQ6) and 196S, however, Enid Collms current collection thirteen of tnesc rare tumors were of Coilinsiand . . . yours for found in a hundred and thirteen deatus. Dr. Selikorf suspects that the latent Si8.CC ... at all fine stores. period for mesothelioma inav be longer than that for either nsbestosis or hint: cancer, hut so tar he regards tile Heavy increase of mesothelioma among the insulation workers as something or a mvsterv. Dr. Selikoff anti Dr. Hammond found special significance in the tact that ail twentv-eight bronchogenic carcinomas occurred among asbestos workers who smoked cigarettes regu- larlv. None were found among eiglitv- seven men who never smoked ciga rettes. Dr. Selikoff and Dr. Hammond have reservations about these data, which suggest that asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes are ninety times more likelv to die of lung cancer than men who neither work with asbestos nor smoke, because they are based upon the experience of a relatively small number of people. They do con clude from it, however, that an im portant co-carcinogenic effect exists be tween asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking, and in a recent article pub lished in the Journal of, the American Medical Association they recommend "that asbestos exposure be minimized, that asbestos workers who do not smoke should never start, and that those now smoking should stop immediately." It has been suggested in some quarters that asbestos fibres, which are known to he highly adsorbent as well as vir tually indestructible, may retain the substance known as benzo [a] pyrene from cigarette smoke for long periods of time in lung tissue, thus tending to produce lung cancer bv a ,synergistic effect. No one knows for sure, however, and Dr. Selikoff will not hazard a guv- about the matter until more informa tion is gathered. He expresses certainty about the effects of asbestos exposure only when he has epidemiological proof. He knows, for example, that one out of every five asbestos-insulation work ers who die in the New 'i ork-New Jersey metropolitan area dies oi lung cancer, and that almost half of tii. three hundred and sixty-eight dc.um In has recorded among these men in tin. past twenty-five years have been caimu he cancer of one type or .another, l.u-t M arch, citing these figures before a Collms of Texas House subcommittee oil labor, warned that "if they are protected 320 Fifth Avenue, New York, N V tile country as a whole, and :.n EARRINGS B ue Baroaue Pe.i'i VK-tn 04 Ot. O $ 120. RING B^e 83'OQoe Pcjri v. .10 Dt G $135. GUGLIILMO CINI INC. ""^E67 -SOUTH COAST HV.'Y. LAGUNA BEACH. CALIF. 9265: ; j f t I f f t LOCHINVAR When he came out of the west he found that this hotel was the best. Chalfonte-Haddon Hall dm ihc BoanJwnlk. Adamic City. N.J. Cull Kobcrt F. Warner. Inc.. New York Chicago Washington/ Boston/Toronto For reservations: Call collect 609044-5131 Hand-Wrought English Bromooby^ MASCOTS. Oxford. Now Jihioy 0790^ ^ -' * v-rjuX. ' 3 0 f= prnw merit in tile health hazards these :-... =JBd IBEZ - IB Total nun face is achieved, we mat look for ward to perhaps six thousand deaths -- Squire Style -- Matching Jackets 0 Recall This Fujica Single-8 Instant Load camera has a photographic "memory". It records what you see just as you see it. Clear, bright, true-to-life. Unique features not found in any other 11 mu iiing cancer mid to perhaps fifteen thousand deaths from cancer in general among men in this single asbestos trade alone." Considering that the total membership of the International As sociation of Heat and I- rost Insulators and Asbestos Workers is onW eighteen thousand men, and that there are about B and Waistcoats 0 ....... Power Loom Irish Tweed S85 instant load movie system make this pos sible. The camera has a built-in pressure plate. You have nothing to do with it . . . but it does something important for you the same number of non-union asbestos workers. Ins prediction has staggering implications. B Handwoven [j Irish Tweed S90 ...automatically locks the film fiat behind the lens to give you the sharpest movies you've ever seen outside a theatre screen. Even if you've never taken a movie before, you get professional results easily. Drop in cartridge... aim.. .shoot! A full 50 continuous feet if you wish with no I RECENTLY spent several davs with I)r. Seiikoff in the Environ B mental Sciences Laboratory at'Mount Sinai, where he has assembled a team of thirty men and women to work on B Irish `Supersax' Huniing Checks S95 0 film flipover. Zoom in or zoom out! Fully various aspects of the asbestos problem. automatic electric eye sets correct expo sure. Reflex lens gets you exactly what you see. Less than $125. Other Fujica Single-8s less than $80... at camera stores or write The rooms include laboratories for his tology, pathology, electron microscopy, chemistry, and mineralogy, and among Eof J- PRESS in long center vent 4 steep side vented models with matching waistcoat. for the colorful facts. aanFUJi photo film u.s.a.. inc. U.S. Distributor: Ehrenreich Photo-Optical Industries, Inc., Garden City, N. Y. 11530 In Canada: R. 4 H. Products, Ltd. the imposing array of equipment they contain is an electron microprohe that is cajiable of identifying particles of in finitesimal size. Dr. Selikoff's office is large and modern. Its walls are lined Sample Swatches with shelves and cabinets containing FUJICA INSTANT LOAD (Single-B) hundreds of hound volumes of research papers arid reports-nn ashestos, and at one end arc a large conference table and a blackboard. The place gives an Reflex Zoom P-300 TurLoucjIi Finnimmediate impression of rather cold efficiency, but this is tempered to a great degree by the affability of the di rector. As we talked, Dr. Seiikoff, a large, soft-spoken man in Ill's early fifties, was frequently interrupted by telephone calls and by questions from SUTLER AND MANCIPLE TO THE SPORTING GENTRY staff members, but lie generally re sumed--often with an enthusiastic "Where were we:"--and rattled off statistics about asbestos disease tiic way some baseball fanatics recite the batting IRISH TWEED HATS & CAPS *8 to sl2 FOR RACE WATCHING. HUNTING FISHING, STROLLING. GOLF. SKATING AND ALL FASHIONABLE SPORT EVENTS 'averages of big-league ballplayers. On SEND FOR ORDER FORM AND PRICE UST GRATIS the day of :ny first visit, however, he received a call from a doctor in New Tuidough Finn Jersey who informed him that a lung 520 FIFTH AVENUE, N. Y. C, N. Y. cancer had just been diagnosed in an other of the insulation workers. Dr. Seiikoff told the physician that the pa tient's last X-rays showed moderate asbestosis, that he had had more than twenty years of exposure, and that he pe of eace P.O. BOX 418/NASSAU/BAHAMAS smoked a pack of cigarettes a day. When he hung up the phone, he was visibly upset, and fell silent. A few moments later, lie told me that lie had PIPES FROM AROUND THE WORLD DUNiULL BARLING COMOi KRISWILL SAtlENl STANWELL PETERSON LONGCHAMP taken more calls like that than he cared to remember. `T don't relish the role of Cassandra, but I feel we've got to 4 Please send me your FREE Illustrated Catalogue Name: ......................... forge ahead on this problem as quickly Address: .................. as possible," he said. "There are about City............................ tiiirn-six thousand insulation work ers--union and non-union--in the State:........... Zip:... Airmail to Nasuu 15< Weatherproof Syl-mer treated leather tioot by Joyce. You den': have tc v.-erry aoout how this Sherlock Holmes co'ccroy coat will look after sleuthing m :re -am. T-,e SYL-MER' brand silicones give durable water repeilency. crush ar.c sty.r resistance. And a luxurious hand. And this protection lasts. So all ycu have to .ver-y about is the next case. Watson. RAINCHEETAHS by NAMAN -a great fashiuh lock m Cere .v,,is Segma 100% cotton corduroy. Brown, oor^. Sizes 3-L4. About $55 A; Lore i T.y/'cr, tlo.v Yo-k end branenes. Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan United States. .All in all, including as bestos-textile workers ami people en gaged in manufacturing other asbestos products, there are probable more than a hundred thousand workers who are regularlv and directly exposed. Tin- hazard would be serious enough if tlrs were the onlv group at risk, but it's ob vious that the problem extends further, simple because floating asbestos fibres do not respect job classifications. Dr. Wil liam H. Stewart, who is the Surgeon General of the United States, told the House subcommittee that the asbestos- insulation workers are probably sharing their exposure to some extent with The beautiful lizards more than three and a half million other construction workers--steam fit darting along with tweed ters, electricians, welders, carpenters, ironworkers, plumbers, masons, tile set furs, leathers --ours alone ters, and the like--who are employed on the same projects, often in the same room or general area, and who there Newton Elkin's pumps in brown, black or grey with fore must be inhaling the same dusts." Because of their concern with the a twist of gilt metal. 38.0C possible effects of such indirect occupa Designer, shoe collections tional exposure, Dr. Selikoff and his .assistants have spent months compiling at oil Lord & Taylor stores the names, addresses, and work his tories. of twelve hundred tile setters, three thousand roofing workers, and three thousand tunnel, foundation, and caisson workers in the New York metropolitan area. They plan to examine these men for possible health problems as they did the insulation workers, and to determine whether NEW YORK'S BELO Algoiiq they have significant indirect occupa tional exposure, and, if they do, wheth er it is associated with risk of asbestos disease. "We will studv defined pop Superb pre-theatre dining.. .c tut a xtroll to your theatre^ After-theatre drinks and Supper? - Buffet with "the talk of the town" ulations that have been selected in terms of what appear to be diminishing levels of exposure to a known risk," Dr. Selikoff told me. "It's as if a rock had been thrown into a pond and we're watching how far the ripples ex tend. Since the pond in our case is the general community, you can see how Indoor parking (no charge) fotX dinner guests and weekend visitor*.:; difficult the epidemiological detective work will be. If we discover, for ex ample, that the tile setters run a sig nificant risk of developing asbestos dis ease--and there are some preliminary JULES PODELL PRESENTS i indications that they might--then we must look into the question of fibre fall out from the construction sites where thev're employed. We're not going to wait for the results of the tile-setter studv, however, because the problem is too urgent. W'e're initiating a whole ciuster of studies designed to provide information on whether environmental asbestos pollution carries a risk for the general population. At the same time, by analyzing the ripples, we can deter mine which rocks thrown into the pond JACK JONES (DOUG TALBERT, Musical Director) MARTY BARRIS COPACABANA FULL COURSE OINNERS SERVED 6:30 P.M.-9:30 P.M. 2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 8 & 12 3 SHOWS SATS. 8, IL30 & 2 10 L60 PL 8-0900 AIR CONDITIONED Adaptation of a traditional votive candlestand in the spirit of Ch'ien Lung bronzes. 41 inches. About $100.* The Stiffel Lamp f'nr brochure of selected Stiffel lamps, send 2;V to The Stiffel Company, Chicago (XXi10. *Sliehtly higher west and south. make the biggest splash. Be thus identifvinir the sources of contamina tion, appropriate control measures will become feasible. Our plan of attack is to discover where asbestos-associated diseases mav occur, and to control the sources in such a way as to eliminate them as a hazard. It must be a team effort, of course, including epidemiol ogists, basic scientists, engineers, public- health officials, and industry and labor." One of Dr. Selikoff's studies will ex amine the possible health problems arising from interrupted exposure hv tracing thirteen hundred and six tv- seven men who worked at the ashestos- insulation plant in Paterson--closed down in 1954--where Dr. Selikoff's first seventeen patients were employed. Another will look into the matter of neighborhood exposure by tracing and investigating the health experience of seventy-five hundred people who lived within a half-mile radius of the plant in 1942. "The question of neighbor hood exposure was emphasized as a re sult of the mesotheliomas discovered A perennial reminder of spring violet plant abundant with oxidizec green flowers and leaves. Hand, crafted in metabarid mounted oriji wooden base; ' '-'ivijg 12" high, 12" spread. $50. Add $3.00 for shipping outside regch lar delivery area, by Christopher Wagner in South Afri ca, and later by Molly Newhouse and Hilda Thompson in London and by Jan Lieben in Pennsylvania," Dr. Selikoff told me. "Since current evi dence suggests that the tumor rarely america Phoua^ THE FINEST IN AMERICAN CRAFTS1 44 W. 53rd St.. N.Y. 10019 PL 7-94 i .. occurs without a history of exposure to asbestos, epidemiologists consider it a `marker' disease, and we'll be looking for it when we trace the medical his tory of the people in Paterson. Inci dentally, there's one preliminary indi cation that leads us to suspect we may find it. In 1955, the proprietor of a junk yard next to the Paterson insula tion plant died of a pleural tumor." A third study in Dr. Selikoff's cluster will aim at the protection of rela Sometime this, week--take a |uiei walk nloiio our canal in tucks County. Mid-week is a wonderful lime to <uy with us at if 1710 House. an early American inn ovrrlookint t." Delaware Diver. When you cel here, thr 1740 House w I-* exactly us you hod hnjwd it would U- . . . rjuif chartmm; and memorable. -1 Jir-eonilifiniit-ij room.'*. each m-ith lath ami terrv Sviriiiiiittu. fishing, ttfiudnc ami tennis. 1'lease wrife for our brochure ami driving direction Then m.ike ri-M-rvatinns for a refrt-hmg, mid-wee rebate from crowds ami rare*. tives of asbestos workers. As in the 17&40 case of neighborhood exposure, pre vious investigators of this group had no H () l' 8 population base against which to meas ure the occurrence of the disease they Umiikhvilu. r a. i ho: i : i- nit * , i <i i vx t Tel: 2t5-297-566l discovered. Dr. Selikoff, however, has a definitely established group to work with. It is composed of the wives and ENJOYING STEAK AND LOBSTEF IS THE GREAT INDOOR SPORT AT. children of all the insulation workers, and their health problems will be care fully scrutinized, especially for evidence of mesothelioma. In Dr. Selikoff's opin ion, this study will be of tremendous importance, because its subjects have been far removed from direct exposure. "If the families of insulation workers turn out to be in trouble, the implica tions wdl be very serious indeed," he send. "On the other hand, if we find no trouble among them--and this is my hope--we'll be on safer ground. Our observations will also enable us 10 E.52ND ST.. N.Y.C. PL 9-8570 1 DAYS A WEEK TILL 1 AYEM I to recommend whether special facilities should he provided so that insolation workers can change their work clothes before <;niiur home to their families." With the aid of a grant from the United States Public Health Service, Dr. Selikoff and his associates are cur- rcntlv conducting an investigation that covers an even wider range, hy study i ing samples of lung tissue from three i thousand consecutive autopsies that have been performed at three different hospitals in New York City and trac ing the work histories of each of the dead people. So far, they have examined i two thousand lung samples, and have found asbestos bodies in nearly half of them. According to Dr. Victor Baden, a histologist at the Environmental Sci ences Laboratory, from one to five or more asbestos bodies are found in fifty per cent of the tissue slides he examines. Since each slide is composed of seven sections that together represent less than one half-millionth of an entire lung, and since it is widely assumed that asbestos bodies are evenly distrib uted throughout a lung, the finding of just one of them can be projected to | mean that half a million may be pres BELGIAN SHOES ent. Dr. Selikoff and his fellow-epide miologists do not know whether the 50 East 55 St.. New York 1C02.T(212) PLaza 5 7372 In California: I. Mar.nin e. Co. relatively small amount of asbestos now being inhaled by the general public car ries a risk of inducing mesothelioma, or whether the presence of what appear to be asbestos bodies in the lungs of many people in the general population repre sents a serious public-health problem. Nor do they know whether relatively light inhalation of asbestos is associated with a special lung-cancer risk in cigar ette smokers. "At present, we simply have no way of telling what the dose- disease relationships are," Dr. Selikoff Great legs -- said. "Is it better to have breathed in only fifty asbestos fibres than fifty thousand or fifty million r Does each would you know they're fibre have the potential of causing a cell wearing Belle Sharmeer's with which it comes in contact to turn cancerousf The answers to these im Whisper Sheer support mensely complicated questions will have stockings? Seamless to come from epidemiology over a long period of time. An eightfold increase nylon-and-spandex, to in asbestos production over the last thir own in suntan, nude, pale beige, misty taupe, ty years would appear to make it likely that asbestos cancers will increase, hut only the future will tell. Remember dark brown or off-black -- all in proportioned leg that current cases of mesothelioma must he associated with inhalation that took place twenty, thirty, or mole tears sizes, 4.95 the pair All Lord & Taylor stores ago, when world consumption of as bestos was only about five hundred thousand tons a year, and that the neoplasms associated with today's pro duction of over four million tons a ( Aiil nut ih- cwiicnt until the mneI ^i-niiii'tKA. Murciiver, we li.tvc (, ,ii iui th.it .ui varieties nr asbestos nines appear to ne implicated in mejo(;K-|ioina, .mil nut just croculolicc, as filin' nr US hail Impeii following W agIK iobservations in Smith .Africa. The p, ii.-ni u<miIII have Seen simple if , .ne varietv nf asbestos hail been i.-t.iteil tn this tumor. Control proce dures could have been narrowly fo cussed. As it is, however, a control pro gram will have to he concerned with asbestos in general." [ asked Dr. SelikofF if lie thought that asbestos air pollution was respon sible for the occurrence of asbestos bodies in the lungs of people in the a .-acral population, and he replied that .Enough there was rclativelv little direct confirmation, he felt it was at least partly responsible. Pointing out ng.rn that direct and indirect occupa tional exposure were much more com mon than had been suspected, especially in the construction and shipbuilding industries, he went on to sav, "The possible sources of environmental con tamination are numerous. Mining and milling operations, manufacturing processes, and the delivery and storage of finished products constitute just one part of it. The constant use of asbestos materials in the construction industry is another, and tile destruction and de terioration of ashestos products in the community at large constitutes a third. There's no question in my mind that unsuspecting people are being exposed to small quantities of fibres from such sources as torn ironing-hoard cover? and pot holders, and who knows how much ashestos is inhaled by hobbyists engaged in do-it-yourself projects around the house--like sawing up wallboard, mixing crack-filler compounds, insulating pipes with asbestos materials, and repairing furnaces and boilers with i'bestos cements: I agree with those wiiii suggest that small numbers of fi bres may he liherated from mam1 prod ucts in widespread use, such as asbestoscement pipe and ashestos filters, which are employed in the food and pharma ceutical industries, but we have no in formation that this carries a disease potential. What troubles me is that I'.lntivclv few people are aware of the 'act that it can he dangerous to inhale idiestos. .Not long ago, we discovered that children in a number of kinder gartens in New A ork, California, and other states were being allowed to mix raw asbestos with water to make a cheap form of plat dough. We have also learned that the powders in some children's cosmetics kits and in certain Holidays are happy days in Germany Germany has probably the most modern cities in Europe. But many old fashioned things like the well in the picture still persist. The Germans cling to the relics and re minders of the past --their visitors are charmed by them. The old and the new stand side by side ... contrasting, yet blending. But more important is the spirit of the cities and of the towns, villages, hamlets and resorts. This spirit, too, is a wonderful combi nation of old traditions and strong, vital contemporary ideas and thinking. It's in the air, as are music and song and the gay laughter of your friendly hosts, the Germans. Come to Germany where holidays are happy days. Send coupon tor illustrated brochures. See Your Travel Agent I------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 I GERMAN NATIONAL TOURIST OFFICE 8I j 500 Fifth Avenue. New York 10036 323 Geary Street. San Francisco 94102 J 11 S. LaSalle Street.Chicago 606031176 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Can. J I Please send me tree andpostpaid illustrated travel brochures. I j Name._________________________________________ __________ I | Street Address____________________________________ __________________________ | 1 City & StateZip Code_________________ I l------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Anything i can happen when you wear'-. Fame powder-watcr-mix jewelry kits con tain asbestos. In addition, within the past couple of tears two different thoracic surgeons have published re ticles in leading medical journals which advocate the sprinkling of asbestos on surgical incisions in order to pro mote the adhesion and healing of tissue. This is very bad advice. Why, Dr. William E. Smith, who con ducts animal studies at Fairleigh Dick inson University, has readily induced mesotheliomas in hamsters by injec tions of asbestos fibres into their pleural cavities! " Dr. SelikofF went on to say that he understands full well that asbestos is an extremely valuable material, and that it has become essential in modern industrial society. "We epidemiologists recognize and study its dangers so that we may devise ways of minimizing or avoiding them," he said. "Improve ments in the practice of industrial hy giene are needed to eliminate unneces sary exposure among asbestos workers and men in other building trades, and awareness of the potential risks of en vironmental contamination is needed until our studies indicate just how far out into the general, population the problem extends. All I can say is that the public should be made aware of the problem, and that no one, particularly children and young people, should be unduly exposed. After all, today's chil dren are almost certainly inhaling more asbestos than their parents did, and we now know that if a person inhales sig nificant amounts of asbestos dust, he carries a burden that will provide a la tent potential for the development of cancer for the rest of his life. Here's an example I'll never forget. A couple of pears ago, just after Cuvier Hammond, Jack Churg, and I published an article about asbestos and mesothelioma in the Sevj England Journal of Medicine, I received a phone call from a doctor in Massachusetts who said that when he read the piece he immediatelv told his forty-three-vear-old wife about it, be cause her sister had died of mesothelio ma the t ear before. `Imagine mv hor ror,' this phvsician went on, `when my wife proceeded to tell me that in 1943, while she and her sister were students in college, thev had responded to a pa triotic appeal and spent six weeks in a shipyard insulating pipes m destroyer escorts.'" Dr. SelikofF paused. "Two sisters with six weeks of exposure in 1943," he murmured. "Twenty-three tears later, one of them dies of meso thelioma. And today, the other one-- the doctor's wife--is being examined evert' few months to keep track of Demi-lune handles of gilded metal dress this handsome small bag by Block: black or brown leather or plastic patent, or in black alligatorgrain leather. 30.00 At all Lord & Taylor stores One of the 7 Wonderful Inns of the world! Luxurious accommodations tor 600 Year `round resort activities Write for Color Brochure & Weekend Plan Route 38 vat Haddonlield Rd. IS min. from downtown Phila. N.J. Turnpike Exit 4 Cherry Hill. N.J. Reservations: (609) NO 2-7200 Currently Appearing BOBBY SHOE Complete Dinner S i>ervetl to 9 Entertainment from 9 to 2 a.m. Cover S3 Minimum S3 MAOISON AVE. AT ?6T NEW YOHK TE'_. RH 4 ,,ink' Nui-pivicuis-limkiiig sh.ulows on ik-i \ -rn\ -v AS T was arriving at the Enurnn1\. mental Sciences Laborntnrv mie Hunger is a tin . T iiappeneil tn notice a newspaper , lipping tackeil up on a bulletin board ,ar tiie entrance. The store, winch a.i' from the I'u/ns of September 2, Daily Diet 1967, started out as follows: `"The scene looked wintrv on Madison Ave nue, between 5/th and 58th Streets, icstcnlav. Flurries of what seemed to be snowflakes fell on the area from CARMENCITA B. 1)E LA CRUZ. FI LIP /A A. AGE 6. One of three children. Father TB . . . almost between the 25th and 30th floors of blind. Unable to work. Mother TB the General Motors Building, which is nearing completion on the site of riie former Savoy Plaza Hotel." The article went on to sav that residents suspect. Washerwoman. Can work only occasionally. Earns about $12.82 per month. House next to of the neighborhood had complained pig-sty is wooden platform covered to the contractor, and that one of the project engineers had explained that the white flakes were fallout from fireproofing material that was being by flattened rusty kerosene cans. Hole in roof serves as door. Ao furni ture. Fete kitchen utensils. Unim sprat eil on the structural steel girders, aginable privation. Children hun beams, and decks of the fiftv-storv sk\ scraper. According to the Times, the engineer would not identifv the in sulating material, which was being ap gry, ragged. Parentsfrantic that they cannot feed, clothe, and shelter chil dren adequately. Help to Carmen- plied with spray guns, "because I don't want to read newspaper stories about cita means help to entire family. how we are messing up city streets." Thousands of children as needy as Carmencita He was also quoted as saving, "This is a job condition all over the city." The anxiously await "adoption" by you or your group. Choose a boy or girl from Greece, South Korea, Viet Nam, Hong Kong, the Philippines. Brazil, last paragraph of the article read, "The city's Buildings Department said that it had not received anv complaints Colombia, Ecuador or Peru. A monthly cash grant helps provide primary school education for your Foster Child and his sisters and brothers. In addition, PLAN gives family counseling, medi about the Madison Avenue `snowfall.' The department said the use of tar cal care when called for. supplementary new clothing and household equipment. PLAN'S emphasis on education helps its children to be paulins was required for spraying op come self-supporting citizens. Since 1937, more than 110.000 children have "graduated" from erations in construction work to pre PL \N's program. You receive a case history and photograph. Each month you write and receive a letter (original and translation). These letters will tell vou how your "adoption" benefits vent inconvenience to neighborhoods." the entire family. Soon, through the regular letters and PLAN progress reports, you and your Beneath the article was this tvped notation: "Examined in our laboratory, the material was found to contain child develop a warm, loving relationship. CHECK YOUR CHARITY! We eagerly offer our financial statement upon request. You will >ee that vnur contribution truly benefits the child for whom it was intended. PL VN is a non-political, non-profit, non-sectarian, independent relief organization, registered amorphous glass fibres (presumahh Sock wool'), and chrvsotile ashestos. 1: is known that other spraved insula under No. YFV019 with the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid of the Agency for International Development. Foster Parents Plan, Inc. 196S tion materials contain ainositc asbestos plus rock wool, while still others cont.vn ashestos fibres alone." When I asked Dr. Selikoff about the Toste^Bn/cents 'PJlcm, in&. 352 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10010 - Founded 193 bulletin-board items, he said that the m neralogist in the laboratory, Dr. .Ar thur M. [.anger, had collected a sam ple of the material and identified its ontents hv means of electron diftrac' on and electron microscopy, and vv itii tin- ,rd of the electron microprohe. 1 lien lie went to a shelf and took down a small glass jar that contained i graiish wad of fibrous-looking sttirf. about the m/c of a half dollar. " I his is the sample l)r. 1.anger brought back and analyzed," he told me. "It conies from a t\pe of insulation material that: i' about twenty-five per cent a'-in.-ti PARTIAL LIST OF SPONSORS AND FOSTER PARENTS Steve Alien Julie Andrews Sen. Poul H. Douglas Helen Hayes Conrad N. Hilton Sen. Jacod K. Javft Art linkiatter Amb. & Mrs. Cabot Lodge Gorry Moore Sen. Williom Proxmtre Or, Howord A. Busk Mr. 4 Mrs. Robert W. Sornof? Gov. & Mrs. William W. Scranton Sen. John G. Tower FOSTER PARENTS PLAN, INC. 352 fARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10010 In Conado: P.O. Box 65, Sla. 8, Montreal, Quo, NY10*A A. I wish to become a Foster Porent of o needy child for one year or mor If possible, sex................... . age. nationality............................................... I will pay $16 o month for on-* yeor or more ($192 per yeorj. Payment wtll be monthly ( ), quarterly ( ), semi-annually ( ), annually ( ). I enclose herewith my first payment $................................................................................ 8. 4 cannot "adoot" o child but I would like to help a child by contributin $.............. Name.. . Address. City. . . . . .State.................................... Zip..................... Date... . . Contributions ore income toe de^ucfib  Love our grey flannel with plenty of flip. A stand-tip collar, a tlaro om of skirt with rounded patch pockets. And a belt that's high and handsome. Wool flannel bonded to acetate in 4 to 14 sizes, -M2. From our Young Elite'"' Dress Collections. Glad to fill mail or phone orders. and in this tint' wad almie there are literally billions of fibres. Of course, the `snowfall' those people saw and complained about was not what may have been hazardous. What may have been hazardous was what they couldn't see--an untold number of sub-micro scopic and highly respirable particles. The `snowfall' was a perfect ex ample of how asbestos sets into the ambient air, and that engineer was right when he said it's a job condition all over the city. You'll see the same material floating down from many other building projects in town. It's sprayed on hr men in the Plasterers and Cement Masons Union. Inciden tally, as far as I know, no one has ever made a study of their health." It was a blustery day, filled with in timations of the season's changing, and when I left the hospital I took a Fifth Avenue bus downtown. I sat by a win dow, and was looking idly out at peo ple strolling along the sidewalks when the bus came to a stop in the upper Forties beside a dump truck parked in front of a small office building that was being gutted. Several workmen were carrying canvas sacks of refuse across the sidewalk and heaving them up to a tall, well-built Negro who stood in the rear of the truck, emptying the sacks at his feet. As he did, clouds of dust rose into the air around him. Some of it showered the window beside me. It ap peared to be ordinary cement dust, but then I saw that the pile of debris on which the man was standing contained broken pieces of acoustical panelling and wallhoard, both of which often contain asbestos, and lengths of pipe coated with crumbling white insulation material that looked very much like asbestos. When I got off the bus, I walked west along Forty-fourth Street. Half way down the block, I saw two work men slide a large rectangular container from a pickup truck and carry it into a building. The container was full of white powder, some of which was be ing Mown away by the wind, and the men's clothes were covered with white dust. When I looked into the truck, I saw half a dozen large paper sacks la belled "Fireproof Plaster." One of the workmen returned for his tools, and I asked him if the plaster contained as bestos. "Sure," he replied. "That's what makes it fireproof." I walked on to the corner of Sixth Avenue, where a fortv-four-story office building had been under construction for several months. During that period, [ had passed the building nearly even il.ii, but now, for the first time, 1 This charrr fountain in I will makea Ic ly addition ' 'y _ mal g den setting. Complete w recirculati pump availa: in oxidized le patina or Po ' peian green ( ish. 37' hit. 20* diamei shell. $375. F . 0.8 . N e York City. Send 25c in stamps or coins for 40 pa, Catalogue illustrating many other cor JTk plete fountains and garden ornament CRAFTSMEN 650654 FIRST AYt (37th SL) NEW YORK. N.Y. 10016 Phone LExington 2-3926 Finest tyoe of Americon Food and Cocktails Merritt Parkway, exit 35, north on 137, or Route 22 to Bedford Village. John F. S/ia<r, Pres. CIOSED MONDAYS Pound Ridge 4-5779 VISIT OUR WALK IN WINE CELLAR sets the world on desire from October 2-October 22 Performances at *> '5 a- 12 IS Tor reservations call Paza 9 -3000 PERSIAN ROOM^f* AT THE PLAZA*-*' i j Jj iulfwav up its side, I >aw some j ,.,rp.iill;ns billowing in the wind. Above | ,.|t. tarpaulins, the >ieel girders and j (,f;i[iis were reddish nrown; between die tarpaulins and tile ground, however, iiad been sprnvvd with asbestos in flation, which clime to them like gr;n Then, all at once, [ saw wads t,i e -ame grav stuff falling out of the lKa tnat had been curtained off hv the CTi-paulins. Some of the pieces were car ried away on the wind; others that were heavier came tumbling down around me. One fell on the sidewalk at inv feet. I picked it up, crumbled it be tween my fingers, and saw dozens of tinv Hbres float away. It was the same vnlor and texture as the material that Ur. Selikoff had shown me half an hour before. The sidewalk was covered i * with it, and even as I stood there more of it came showering down. A woman hurrying to make the light with a friend brushed some off the sleeve of her coat, and said, "What the devil is this stuff?" I watched her cross the avenue, and saw asbestos insulation blowing over the pavement like thistle down across a field. The wind was southerly, and most of the asbestos was travelling north, in the direction of Mount Sinai Hospital, where Dr. Seli The compact carry-all. Ready to work with a removable checkbook holder. 5' frame coin pocket, and credit card pocket. A 9-section vinyl card holder takes care of everything ST. THOMAS else. A swarm of honey kid colors, about $12.50. At Himelhoch Bros. & Co., Detroit; Frost Bros., San Antonio; B. Altman & Co., New York City and all branches st. riunw uk. si. rmmw ma. ato--mM, ft.r. and all other fine stores. ' koff and his associates are still follow ing the trail Dr. Cooke set out on in 1924. But I was not thinking about Dr. Selikoff or the difficulties of epi demiology just then. I was thinking about the children who play in Central Park every dav, and about all the other children who live in this citv and i breathe its air. --Paul Brodeur CRIES WE DOUBT EVER GOT CRIED OUT, RAPTURE OR NO RAPTURE [From the St. Moritz Courier] When crovANNi secanti.vi first came uto the Engadine from Lake Como, he cried out, full of rapture: "I bow before this earth which is hal lowed by beauty; I kiss the grasses and a the Howers under this blue vault of heav en, and while the birds sing and meet to I gether for flight and the bees suck honey 1 from the open blooms, I drink at these Pure springs, where beauty is ever re newed. where love is renewed that gives V ;te to all things." ('ust flour rote for fashion ...irifh Western observers believed Brezhnev's remarks would aid anti-Ainerican propa ganda abroad while leaving the Krem lin free to deal with almost any future American President, except possibly Rich ard Nivox.-- ll nshtrujtun Fust. Two confident candidates from our exciting collection of original pin designs. Elephant, about $15. A Wait till he Secs tin- New Nivn\. Donkey, about S 17.50. At fine stores. Cincr Jewelers, 20 West 37th St., New York; and Paris.