Document 2qXK974g8mm1RjQvDJ83oJZ47

Monsanto FROM (NAME flt LOCATION) Tom C. Ford - St. Louis SUBJECT May 26, 1969 CC: Mr. R. J. Kotnour Attached to each of you is the latest round of clippings from Madison. The stories are interesting. PCBs are claimed to be used in paints, tires, lipstick and cutting oils. Our friend Risehough also seems to have been used to prove widely varying points. Porter from Shell was read a statement from Risebrough's prior technical paper which called PCB "one of the most widely distributed contaminants" and that it produced more enzymes. Yet, on the next day, Risebrough testified personally that DDE, not PCB, was the villain in the creation of thin egg shells. It goes to prove, I reckon, that you can use research results to prove most anything. TCF:sfh attach: 5 clippings DSW 200978 STLCOPCB4052443 ! THE CAPITAL TIMES j MADISON, WISC< | D. 46,029 j MAY 7 1969 W ---- - Madison Chemist Questions Analysis Is. DDT Taking The Rap For Another Compound?. I By WHITNEY GOULD nancing DDT's defense here. jidentified as DDE, is still under peak." f (Of The Capital Times Staff) On first analysis the fish con-j analysis, he said.) ( i Yannacone asked whether ! The possibility that DDT resi- tained 14 to 15 parts-per-millionj Coon said his division had Coon could be certain that the jdues found in fish may have of DDT and two of its metabol- done up to 30,000 pesticide resi Bear Creek salmon was not sent jbeen confused with those of an des, DDD and DDE, he said-[due analyses on fish and wild- to the lab in a plastic bag, which other compound was raised here jBul under further analysis, ``wejlife, and first became aware of would have introduced more in [Tuesday by a Madison chemist, 'had indications that part of the the role of PCB's in 1967, when terference from, PCB's. Coon at the state Department of Natu DDD and DDT was i n d e e d the compounds were identified said he couldn't be sure, but ral Resources' hearings on a pe PCB's." (Total of the two known as p o s s i b 1 e interferences by that WARF asks that "anything tition to ban continued use of pesticide'residues was then re- Swedish and British scientists having to do with residue analy DDT in Wisconsin. jduced from' 5.13 ppm to 1.61 "Wc found evidence," he said, sis not be submitted in a plastic The witness was Francis B ppm. The remaining 9.64 ppm,("that PCB's were undoubtedly bag." i Coon, heat) of the chemistry de .............. ... present in some of our an partment ht the Wisconsin Al umni Research Fnnnrialirin fry alyses." slltuie, Inc',_Coon was also on the stand today for cross-exami nation, as the chemical industry continued its defense of the con The chemist's testimony came under sharp attack this morn ing, however, under cross-exam ination by Victor J. Yannacone, troversial pesticide. iNew York attorney for the con The thrust "of his testimony servation groups who have pet was that "polychloriante itioned for a ban on the pesticide phenyls"--oT"~TnTs--plasticiz- on Wisconsin. . TBgcompoundTused in paints, tires, lipsticks and other prod ucts, behave in initial pesticide residue analyses much like DDT and its breakdown products. The bone of contention was a long sheet of paper with wavy lines--product of a "gas chror matograph," it h e instrument used to analyze pesticide resi Coon said that WARF had au alyzed last fill a coho salmon taken from Lake Michigan near Bear. Creek, at the request of; dues. The pesticides produce peaks and valleys on the paper (a chromatogram), in somewhat the manner that a seismograph the National Agricultural Chem> icdls Association, whichis- fi*j leaves earthquake tracings. Yannacone noted that the size of sample helped determine what kind of peak appeared on the chromatograph, and that WARF chemists in one analysis had used PCB samples much larger than those of the pesti cide. , I "At similar levels," he charged,, "(the PCB) peak would be statistically insignifi cant compared with the DDE DSW 200979 STLCOPCB4052444 Wisconsin State Journal MADISON, WISC. D. 68,775 SUN. 107,031 MAY .9 1969 4 ixperi soys ""L-An expert on pesticides and their residues testified at the" state DDT hearin'gs^Thursday that in any situation in nature* DDT will break down and not become a permanent fixture of j the environment. , ; But, according to Dr. Paul E. Porter of the _Shell_Develop* \ ment Co. and now a Visiting scientist in England, the periods ; of breakdown and loss of DDT------------------------------:---------!--1 'from various substances has a casei'if would take 30 to 40 days j wide range of time periods -- for thffcomplete loss of DDT. ' j two-thirds of it can be gone from The first step in the break- ' a "live" soil in two weeks or 20 down of DDT is to form a rela*; per pent of it can disappear per titve called DDE. This form of j year from soil. . the chemical is less toxic than; "I know of no natural situa DDT. < tion in which DDT is not de On reference to its action in ? graded," Porter said. soils, Porter said that DDT is j tightly bound to soil particles j Porter was challenged only and not readily moved by water. 4 moderately by Victor J. Yanna- If it is moved, it is by "physical j cone, attorned for the petition dislodgement," he said. ' ers who want to ban DDT in the In water, like streams and , state. At the end of less than lakes, DDT is extremely insolih j three hours of testimony, Yan- able and Porter said that. it, nacone thanked Porter for com tends to absorb into any organic 1 ing (from England) and never matter. Thus it will collect in the ] did cross-examine the witness. mud (pf a lake) which is high in The hearings will resume organic matter, Monday. A j i HOWEVER, PORTER contin- < AS FREDRIK WAISS, attor ued, its breakdown in mud will; ney for the National Agricul be rapid. : tural Chemicals Assn., / ques As for the breakdown of DDT ] tioned Porter, the scientist em in fish, Porter said it has been phasized that in many cases the demonstrated that a degrada-jl build-up of DDT will not be in tion does take place, although in 1 definite, but will reach a pla fish it is very slow; 1 teau. Porter was questioned at j In the atmosphere, DDT Is length on the presence of plas- subject to the action of sunlight ticing agents known as PCRsl that jnterferre with gas chroma-' and oxygen and is broken down tography readings on DDT. This; into a less toxic DDE and other was a carry-over from Wednes*. compounds. ; day's cross-examination of a de-i Porter added that the DDT partment head from the Wiscon-' breakdown in air could be| sin Alumni Research Founda-' more rapid than it was on a tion (WARF). . j glass surface, where half of it is Porter said in answer to a' ! lost in 12 days when in sunlight. question on WARF's capability: "We have the highest regard for' WHEN APPLIED to crops, their capability. It is one of the; the loss of DDT is accounted for f e w* commercial laboratories by evaporation, the plant meta- where we have work carried out bolic process, and rain. In this for us." DSW 200980 I MILWAUKEE SENTINEL MILWAUKEE, WISC. D. 169.011 I | MAY 9 1969 i i i By QUINCY DADISMAN was read was not ready for reproductive failures among Sentinel Staff Writer publication then, ; the birds. \Madison, Wis. - A group of . Distribution Cited Distinction "Difficult" ` chemicals widely used in in In the paper, polychlorinat Porter said that distinguish dustry and difficult to separate ed biphenyls fPCB'sT were ing between DDT and the from DDT in chemical analysis called, with DDT, the "most PCBs was "possible, with diffi has five times the effect of DDT in producing enzymes widely distributed contami nants" of the environment of culty," but that most commer cial laboratories did not go into the complete separation tllat break down hormones, a the entire world today. because of the cost involved. hearing on a petition to ban the pesticide was told here PCB's, which include a vari Asked about the Wisconsin Thursday:------- ety of compounds, are used as Alumni Research Foundation Paul E. Porter, a researcher for~ Shell Development Corp., "plasticizers" making the ma Institute, I n c., laboratory, terials to which they are added where many of t h e tests on which the petitioners base called by opponents of the ban, more elastic and better con their case were made. Porter ' said he agreed with the state ductors of heat. They are used ment paper when it was read from a prepared.byJSohert'ffufc, in electrical equipment, cutting 'torongTCa Calif ornia bio oils, rubber goods, paint and tTiemtSC- lipstick. , said the WARE lab was one of the few commercial laborator ies in the United States in which Shell placed enough confidence to send its work. The hearing is being held by fthe state natural resources de'partment on a petition from the Citizens Natural Resource association and the Izaak Wal ston league's Wisconsin chap ter. The ban is opposed by the industry task force for DDT of the National Agricultural Chemicals association. Much attention has been fo cused during the hearing on the fact that chemists analyz ing samples for small concen trations of DDT by the use of a gas chromatograph have been bothered by the fact that some PCB's cause peaks on chro matographs which "underlie" those caused by DDT and one A WARE employe testified Wednesday that, in some cases, when an indication of PCB interference was found on chromatographs made there, the person asking the analysis would be asked if he wished further work done at an extra charge. ' Potter, who lives in Modes of its isomers, DDD. Porter traced the break to, Calif., is on leave from his post with the Shell Oil Co. sub Risebrough's statement with which Porter agreed would in down, in nature, of DDT under various conditions. sidiary as an exchange profes dicate that some of the effects In the atmosphere, he said, sor in an agriculture school in blamed on DDT could be the sunlight and oxygen lead to its England. He is an analytical result ofJC-Rs, Enzyme induc decomposition, with about a 12 .chemist. : tion has been blamed for the j Risebrough testified last De breakdown of sex hormones, cember in the hearing. The pa particularly in marine birds, day half life in sealed petrie dishes, where only sunlight is effective. He said the changes mper from which the quotation resulting in thin egg shells and Tutn to Page 10, Col 3 i,j... ^ .1 ,, DSW 200981 1 __ _ STLCOPCB4052446 tli Mit*"1*1" MILWAUKEE, WISC. D. 169.011. MAY ---------------- 13 1969 ......... .nr,V. ........... -rv1 . . ,V Some Bird Species ;'!q MEWAUKEE SENTINEL Called DDT Victims MILWAUKEE, WISC. 0. 169,011 . By QUINCY DADISMAN drocarbon compounds widely;/: : Sentinel Staff Writer used in industry. PCB's show^. w Madison, WIs. - A Califor up in some test equipment hi a nia biochemist testified Mon- way that makes separation of'1 MAY 1 4 1969 ^. I day that his studies have con DDT in analysis much. more^ I vinccd him that DDT and not difficult another commonly_foIihdKon-' Only Few Found ......' T iMvaHwa eggshells which he believes Risebrough said that while" will wipe out certain predatory PCB's are found in large By QUINCY DADISMAN Sentinel Staff Writer some cases, he said, but they to control in New Jersey, he and had set out to see what are not dependable for control said. He said mosquito control was wrong with the reports. bird species. . vmounts in many marine birds,. he had found only a few in>. Robert Risebrough, Berke which there were more PCB's , ley, Calif., was called as an ad than DDT or its metabolities. verse witness by Jlyf attorney (forms into which it changes in* defending t h e_n.ej$lcjde at a passing through living tissue). natural resource department hearing On a petition calling for banning DDT in Wisconsin. Ho said that tests with eggs_ containing up to one part per| Testified Earlier million (p.p.m.) of PCB's and ,, up to six p.p.m. of DDT in all Risebrough had testified in December for the petitioners forms showed mathematically, -- Citizens' Natural Resource by correlation with eggshell association and th Wisconsin thickness that DDE and not chapter of the Izaak Walton PjCBIs*. were to blame. The' league -- about DDE, a form tests were made mathematical-.' into which DDT changes In liv ly, he said, with a statistical ing bodies and his conviction accuracy of 99.9%. V-. ' that DDE causes a metabolic He said that damage to disturbance in birds which eggshells from DDT can '-e leads to thin eggshells. . traced not only to the DDE in, The thin shell cracks' easily, the bird's body fat, but also to causing the death of the emj the amount present in the food bryo inside the egg. . . it eats. . a '< > Risebrough was called by "DDT may be comparatively Willard S. Stafford, Madison Inactive in the body fat," he attorney who is conducting the concluded, explaining that per- defense of DDT for the Nation c g r 1 n e falcons from Arctic al Agricultural Chemicals asso areas seem to be sustaining1 ciation. ., ' their numbers better than . Stafford questioned R I s e- those from more temperate clif . Madison, Wis. - A New Jer sey entomologist told the Wis consin natural resource board ling crop pests. That method, he said, has been in use at least since 1908. was very important there be cause a reservoir of a mosquito borne encephalitis exists As a result, he said, he and i several other scientists m e t j with WARF laboratory person- j hearing on a proposed ban on the use of DDT Tuesday that he knew of no substitute for DDT for certain uses. Bailey B. Pepper, Edison, N. J., who has headed the ento He said that the use of in s e c t disease organisms had been tried but that cultures could become contaminated with other diseases and, in fact, one such material, used among New Jersey animals. It affects primarily horses and pheasants, he said, but human cases and deaths were report ed in 1933, 1959, 1964 and 1968. . nel last January to work cut ways of testing for polychlorin a.t e d biphenyls. The new method, he said, makes it pos sible to distinguish between the chemicals. mology department at Rutgers against Japanese beetles, was Pepper said he had heard of university since 1941 and is a withdrawn from the market re outbreaks of St. Louis enceph former president of the Ento cently because the culture may alitis in the upper Mississippi mological society of America, have been infected with an- valley, but he said he did not was called by opponents of the thracnose, a plant disease. believe the eastern variety of ban. The cotton boll worm -- the disease was found in the He said he had worked with known as the tomato worm in midwest the DDT since its introduction gardens and the corn ear worm Testing Explained in 1944 and still considered it an "important weapon in the arsenal of insecticides." in cornfields -- is almost im possible to control except by DDT, he said, although earlier Robert Risebrough, a Cali fornia biochemist, returned to the stand briefly to explain his Pepper said he was familiar witnesses said Sevin is used by method of analyzing samples with all the methods proposed most Wisconsin corn growers. for small amounts of poly to combat insects -- insecti Sevin, however, poses hazards chlorinated biphenyls, cnemi- cides, biological, environmen to nearby bee colonies. . - C a 1 Cbrhpouncts whicFT some tal and physical controls, farm Although some insects have times interfere .with analyses practices and repellants -- and developed a resistance to DDT, for DDT and its relatives. all pose problems. , Pepper said it could be used "Some Not Dependable" The use of biological con trols, principally predatory in against them after several gen erations had passed and the re sistance had been diluted. Risebrough said that he had become dissatisfied with anal yses provided by the Wiscon-. sin Alumni Research Founda brougtt._a.bout work he has mates because the food they sects, has been successful in DDT is important in mosqui tion (WARF) Institute, Inc., done with polychlorinated bi eat while rearing a second, , phenyls (PCB), a gbiip of hy- clutch of eggs is "clean." * J j DSW 200982 STLCOPCB4052447 It iJLUilJili Ulml, dUiiiUUk me.)madison',' D. 68,775 SUNJV07.031 . j ! MAY 23 1969 By ROBERT C. BJORKLUND ing. The Madison hearings the questions is this: even man, noted that sediment is a the National Academy of Sci (Slate Journal Farm Editor) ended Wednesday after nearly though the minute amounts of pollutant in water, but "the ences on the, amount of persis /Top scientists of the United 30 days of testimony. these chemicals in your food are whole Mississippi Valley was tant pesticides in the environ States Department of Agricul Irving noted that the major not going to kill you, what about formed with pollution before we ment and what it means in rela ture (USDA) were concerned question of the Madison hear your children and your chil came over here when the dirt tion to hazards to public heaHli, greatly with the DDT^hearings ings'concerned runoff pollution dren's children?" he continued. washed away from the hill agriculture, to fish and wildlife. in Madison according to testi and the problems it could cause Irving said that the answer sides." The study also was concerned mony released Thursday. in Lake Michigan and in other "is most imponderable, but is With all the pollution hysteria, with alternate methods of i?st; Dr. G. W. Irving Jr., adminis waterways. being played up for a fair-thee- according to Whitten, it is a lit control, such as the organophos-j trator of the Agricultural Re "Perhaps the major part of well by the people who oppose tle like hanging of the witches at phates, a class of chemicals that; search Service, told a House Ap the damage caused by these the use of these chemicals Salem. do not last as long as DDT, but | I propriations subcommittee that agricultural chemicals is due to (DDT)." . Irving answered, quickly, that are more dangerous because' if Wisconsin should find that accidents and to misuse, rather Rep. Jamie L. Whittenv (D- the witches at Salem were not they are more potent. j i DDT is a pollutant it would nul- than to the trace amounts we Miss.) complained that the pub hanged, but were burned. "With Anderson said that the report i lify the use of DDT in the state. are talking about," he contin lic was going overboard on the the present anti-pollution laws, from the academy was expected , This decision is now in the ued. matter of pollution and as a re (the Department) of Health, Ed during May and the Agriculture i hands of the Wisconsin Depart "At the stage of our scientific sult every department and ucation, and Welfare wouldn't Department then would have] , ment of Natural Resources capacity today it is impossible agency in government was using let them do it now." "an evaluation to what it means] . which has hundreds of pages of to bring conclusive evidence to the issue to get more money and Dr. R. J. Anderson, associate before taking action one way or! I testimony and a stack of evi bear on cither one side of the to stir up more projects. to Irving, referred to the pend another on possible elimination . dence on which to base its find other of this controversy. One of Whitten, subcommittee chair ing release of the study made by of these Desticidps " . 1 STLCOPCB4052448